Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Ed., Ch 18 Vocabulary
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| adrenal cortex | outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
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| adrenal medulla | inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| ovaries | located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
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| pancreas | located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones. Also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion.
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| parathyroid glands | four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
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| pituitary gland (hypophysis) | located at the base of the brain in the sella turcia; composed of an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe
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| anterior lobe | adenohypophysis
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| posterior lobe | neurohypophysis
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| testes | two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
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| thyroid gland | located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine
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| adrenaline (epinephrine) | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex
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| aldosterone | secreted by the andrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption
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| androgen | male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidney
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| calcitonin | secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels
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| epinephrine (adrenaline) | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic); it is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction
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| estradiol | estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries
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| estrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. examples are estradiol and estrone
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes
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