Nervous System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| arthr/o | articulation
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum (little brain)
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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| crani/o | skull
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| encephal/o | entire brain
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| esthesi/o | sensation
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| gangli/o | ganglion (knot)
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| gli/o | glue
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| gnos/o | knowing
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| hypn/o | sleep
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| somn/i | sleep
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| somn/o | sleep
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| lex/o | word or phrase
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| mening/o | meninges (membrane)
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| meningi/o | meninges (membrane)
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| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow
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| narc/o | stupor, sleep
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| neur/o | nerve
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| phas/o | speech
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| phob/o | exaggerated fear or sensitivity
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| phor/o | carry or bear
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| phren/o | mind
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| psych/o | mind
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| thym/o | mind
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| schiz/o | split
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| somat/o | body
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| spin/o | spine (thorn)
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| spondyl/o | vertebra
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| vertebr/o | vertebra
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| stere/o | three dimensional or solid
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| tax/o | order or coordination
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| thalam/o | thalamus (a room)
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| ton/o | tone or tension
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| top/o | place
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| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch)
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| cata- | down
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| -asthenia | weakness
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| -lepsy | seizure
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| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward
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| -paresis | slight paralysis
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| Central nervous system | brain and spinal cord
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| brain | portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium
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| cerebrum | largest portion of the brain. divided into right and left halves = cerebral hemispheres. connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. lobes of the cerebrum are named after the the bones they underlie
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| frontal lobe | anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality
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| parietal lobe | portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch
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| temporal lobe | portion that lies below the frontal love, responsible for hearing, taste, and smell
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| occipital lobe | position posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes, responsible for vision
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| thalamus (diencephalon) | two gray matter nuclei deep within the brain, responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex
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| gyri | ring or circle. convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres
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| sulci | ditch; shallow grooves that separate gyri
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| fissures | splitting crack, deep groves in the brain
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| cerebellum | portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles
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| brainstem | region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum and cerebellum and spinal cord. responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature. 3 levels = mesencephalon(midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata
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| ventricles | series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord
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| spinal cord | column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae, responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body
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| meninges | three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
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| peripheral nervous system | nerves that branch from the CNS including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves), and spinal cord (spinal nerves)
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| cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain
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| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
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| sensory nerves | nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain (afferent nerves)
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| motor nerves | nevers that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands (efferent nerves)
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| Autonomic nervous system | nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands
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| hypothalamus | control center for the ANS located in the thalamus (diencephalon)
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| sympathetic nervous system | division of the ANS concerned with preparing the body for stressful/emergency situations
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| parasympathetic nervous system | division of the ANS that is most active in ordinary conditions - counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience
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| aphasia | condition without speech. impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding retrieving and formulating meaningful and sequential elements of language
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| dysarthria | conditions of difficult articulation; group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed, range, direction, strength and timing of motor movement as well as paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech muscles
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| dysphasia | difficulty speaking
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| coma | levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness - a common method of assessment is the glasgow coma scale
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| delirium | state of mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function - causes are fever, shock, drug overdose
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| dementia | impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
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| motor deficit | loss or impairment of muscle function
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| sensory deficit | loss of impairment of sensation
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| neuralgia | pain along the course of a nerve
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| paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of motor control
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| flaccid paralysis | defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
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| spastic paralysis | stiff and awkward muscle control cause by a CNS disorder
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| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
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| sciatica | pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
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| seizure | sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses
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| convulsion | to pull together, type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles
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| syncope | fainting
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| tactile stimulation | evoking a response by touching
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| hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
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| paresthesia | abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
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HugsAndKisses
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