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PHM 316 ch 10
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arthr/o | articulation |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum (little brain) |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum (largest part of the brain) |
| crani/o | skull |
| encephal/o | entire brain |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| gangli/o | ganglion (knot) |
| gli/o | glue |
| gnos/o | knowing |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| somn/i | sleep |
| somn/o | sleep |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| lex/o | word or phrase |
| mening/o | meninges (membrane) |
| meningi/o | meninges (membrane) |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| narc/o | stupor, sleep |
| neur/o | nerve |
| phas/o | speech |
| phob/o | exaggerated fear or sensitivity |
| phor/o | carry or bear |
| phren/o | mind |
| psych/o | mind |
| thym/o | mind |
| schiz/o | split |
| somat/o | body |
| spin/o | spine (thorn) |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stere/o | three dimensional or solid |
| tax/o | order or coordination |
| thalam/o | thalamus (a room) |
| ton/o | tone or tension |
| top/o | place |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch) |
| cata- | down |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -mania | condition of abnormal impulse toward |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| Central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| brain | portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium |
| cerebrum | largest portion of the brain. divided into right and left halves = cerebral hemispheres. connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. lobes of the cerebrum are named after the the bones they underlie |
| frontal lobe | anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality |
| parietal lobe | portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch |
| temporal lobe | portion that lies below the frontal love, responsible for hearing, taste, and smell |
| occipital lobe | position posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes, responsible for vision |
| thalamus (diencephalon) | two gray matter nuclei deep within the brain, responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex |
| gyri | ring or circle. convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres |
| sulci | ditch; shallow grooves that separate gyri |
| fissures | splitting crack, deep groves in the brain |
| cerebellum | portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles |
| brainstem | region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum and cerebellum and spinal cord. responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature. 3 levels = mesencephalon(midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata |
| ventricles | series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal cord | column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae, responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body |
| meninges | three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid |
| peripheral nervous system | nerves that branch from the CNS including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves), and spinal cord (spinal nerves) |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain |
| spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
| sensory nerves | nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain (afferent nerves) |
| motor nerves | nevers that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands (efferent nerves) |
| Autonomic nervous system | nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands |
| hypothalamus | control center for the ANS located in the thalamus (diencephalon) |
| sympathetic nervous system | division of the ANS concerned with preparing the body for stressful/emergency situations |
| parasympathetic nervous system | division of the ANS that is most active in ordinary conditions - counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience |
| aphasia | condition without speech. impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding retrieving and formulating meaningful and sequential elements of language |
| dysarthria | conditions of difficult articulation; group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed, range, direction, strength and timing of motor movement as well as paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech muscles |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| coma | levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness - a common method of assessment is the glasgow coma scale |
| delirium | state of mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function - causes are fever, shock, drug overdose |
| dementia | impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion |
| motor deficit | loss or impairment of muscle function |
| sensory deficit | loss of impairment of sensation |
| neuralgia | pain along the course of a nerve |
| paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of motor control |
| flaccid paralysis | defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion |
| spastic paralysis | stiff and awkward muscle control cause by a CNS disorder |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body |
| sciatica | pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots |
| seizure | sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses |
| convulsion | to pull together, type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles |
| syncope | fainting |
| tactile stimulation | evoking a response by touching |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause |
Created by:
HugsAndKisses
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