Respiratory
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| alveol/o | alveolus (air sac)
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| bronch/o | bronchus (airway)
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| bronchi/o | bronchus (airway)
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole (little airway)
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| capn/o | carbon dioxide
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| carb/o | carbon dioxide
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| laryng/o | larynx (voice box)
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| lob/o | lobe (a portion)
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| nas/o | nose
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| rhin/o | nose
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| or/o | mouth
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| palat/o | palate
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| pharyng/o | pharynx(throat)
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| phren/o | diaphragm (also mind)
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o | air or lung
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| pneumon/o | air or lung
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| sinus/o | sinus (cavity)
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| spir/o | breathing
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| thorac/o | chest
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| pector/o | chest
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| steth/o | chest
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| tonsill/o | tonsil (almond)
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| trache/o | trachea (windpipe)
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| uvul/o | uvula
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| -pnea | breathing
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| nose | warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract. houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell
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| sinuses | air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
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| palate | partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate
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| pharynx | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
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| nasopharynx | part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
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| oropharynx | central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
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| laryngopharynx | lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and the esophagus
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| tonsils | oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion. also called palatine tonsils
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| adenoid | lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose, also called the pharyngeal tonsil
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| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate, named for its grape-like shape
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| larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
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| glottis | opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
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| epiglottis | lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
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| trachea | windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bronchus
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| bronchial tree | branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
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| right and left bronchus | two primary airways branching frm the area of the carina into the lungs
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| bronchioles | progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways
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| alveoli | thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
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| lungs | two spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity, enclosed by the diaphragm and the rib cage. responsible for respiration
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| lobes | subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and 3 on the right
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| pleura | membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)
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| pleural cavity | potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of pleura
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| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down
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| mediastinum | partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (that contain the R and L lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
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| mucous membranes | thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid(sticky) fluid
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| cilia | hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions
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| parenchyma | functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration
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| eupnea | normal breathing
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| bradypnea | slow breathing
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| tachypnea | fast breathing
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| hypopnea | shallow breathing
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| hypernea | deep breathing
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| apnea | inability to breathe
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| orthopnea | ability to breathe only in an upright position
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| cheyne-stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
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| crackles | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli. occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
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| rales | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli. occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
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| stridor | a high pitched crowning sound that is a sign of obstruction of the upper airway (trachea or larynx)
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| caseous necrosis | degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance (characteristic of tuberculosis)
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| dysphonia | hoarseness
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs
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| sputum | material expelled from the lungs by coughing
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| hemoptysis | coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs
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| hypercapnia | excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hypercarbia | excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hyperventilation | excessive movement of air in and out of lungs causing hypocapnia
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| hypoventillation | deficient movement of air in and out of lungs, causing hypercapnia
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| hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
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| hypoxia | deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
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| obstructive lung disorder | condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
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| restrictive lung disorder | condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
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| pulmonary infiltrate | density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changesq
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| rhinorrhea | thin, watery discharge from the nose
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| wheezes | high-pitched musical sounds head on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway - occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
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| rhonchi | high-pitched musical sounds head on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway - occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
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