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PHM 316 ch 9
Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alveol/o | alveolus (air sac) |
| bronch/o | bronchus (airway) |
| bronchi/o | bronchus (airway) |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole (little airway) |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| carb/o | carbon dioxide |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| lob/o | lobe (a portion) |
| nas/o | nose |
| rhin/o | nose |
| or/o | mouth |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| palat/o | palate |
| pharyng/o | pharynx(throat) |
| phren/o | diaphragm (also mind) |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o | air or lung |
| pneumon/o | air or lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| sinus/o | sinus (cavity) |
| spir/o | breathing |
| thorac/o | chest |
| pector/o | chest |
| steth/o | chest |
| tonsill/o | tonsil (almond) |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| uvul/o | uvula |
| -pnea | breathing |
| nose | warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract. houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell |
| sinuses | air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity |
| palate | partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate |
| pharynx | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx |
| nasopharynx | part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages |
| oropharynx | central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis |
| laryngopharynx | lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and the esophagus |
| tonsils | oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion. also called palatine tonsils |
| adenoid | lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose, also called the pharyngeal tonsil |
| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate, named for its grape-like shape |
| larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
| glottis | opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
| epiglottis | lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
| trachea | windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bronchus |
| bronchial tree | branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli |
| right and left bronchus | two primary airways branching frm the area of the carina into the lungs |
| bronchioles | progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
| alveoli | thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
| lungs | two spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity, enclosed by the diaphragm and the rib cage. responsible for respiration |
| lobes | subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and 3 on the right |
| pleura | membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) |
| pleural cavity | potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of pleura |
| diaphragm | muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down |
| mediastinum | partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (that contain the R and L lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland |
| mucous membranes | thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid(sticky) fluid |
| cilia | hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions |
| parenchyma | functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| tachypnea | fast breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hypernea | deep breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| apnea | inability to breathe |
| orthopnea | ability to breathe only in an upright position |
| cheyne-stokes respiration | pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
| crackles | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli. occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
| rales | popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli. occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
| stridor | a high pitched crowning sound that is a sign of obstruction of the upper airway (trachea or larynx) |
| caseous necrosis | degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance (characteristic of tuberculosis) |
| dysphonia | hoarseness |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs |
| sputum | material expelled from the lungs by coughing |
| hemoptysis | coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs |
| hypercapnia | excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypercarbia | excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hyperventilation | excessive movement of air in and out of lungs causing hypocapnia |
| hypoventillation | deficient movement of air in and out of lungs, causing hypercapnia |
| hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells |
| obstructive lung disorder | condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
| restrictive lung disorder | condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
| pulmonary edema | fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli |
| pulmonary infiltrate | density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changesq |
| rhinorrhea | thin, watery discharge from the nose |
| wheezes | high-pitched musical sounds head on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway - occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
| rhonchi | high-pitched musical sounds head on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway - occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
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HugsAndKisses
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