MusculoskeletalGREEN
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| What do Muscles do | They are composed of contractile cells or fibers.They provide movement,contribute to posture,produce body heat& act as a protective covering for internal organs.
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| What does Fleshy attachment mean | Muscle fibers arise directly from bone. These fibers distribute force over wide areas, but are weaker than a fibrous attachment.
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| What is a fibrous attachment | Connective tissue that converges at the end of the muscle to become continuous&distinguishable from the periosteum.
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| What is it called when connective tissue fibers form a cord or strap | a Tendon
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| What is a ligament | A flexible band of fibrous tissue that is highly adapted for resisting strains. A principal mechanical factor that holds bones close together in a synovial joint.
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| Bones serve as a what | A storehouse for minerals, particularly phosphorus & calcium.
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| Somewhat cube shaped, consist of a core spongy bone | Short bones or Cancellous bone (Ex. ankle bones,wrists, and toes)
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| Bones that cannot be classified as short or long bones because of their complex shapes | Irregular bones. (Ex. vertebrae & the bones of the middle ear)
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| Bones that provide broad surfaces for musclar attachment or protection for internal organs | Flat bones. (Ex. Bones of the Skull, Should blades, & Sternum)
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| Found in the appendages(Extremities) of the body, such as legs, arms, & fingers | Long bones.(Parts of the long bones);Diaphysis,the shaft or long main portion which consists of 2compact bones surrounding the medullary cavity.Distal&proximal epiphysis are the 2ends of the bones covered w.articular cartilage&a spongy bone chamber.P
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| Found in the appendages continued.. | Periosteum is a dense, white, fibrous membrane that covers the remaining surface of the bone.
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| The skeletal system of a human adult consists of how many individual bones | 206.
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| What is the Axial Skeleton divided into | 3 major regions; Skull, Rib Cage & Vertebral Column. Provides protection for internal organs.
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| How many bones does the Cranium have | 8. The Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Coronal suture,Occipital bone, 2Temporal bones,Sphenoid bone & the ethmoid bone
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| ankyl/o | Stiffness;Bent;Crooked
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| arthr/o | Joint
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| kyph/o | Humpback
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| lamin/o | Lamina(part of vertabral arch)
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| lord/o | Curve,Swayback
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| myel/o | Bone Marrow;Spinal Cord
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| orth/o | Straight
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| oste/o | Bone
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| ped/o | Foot
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| Scol/io | Crooked,Bent
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| Thorac/o | Chest
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| acromi/o | Acromion(projection of scapula)
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| brachi/o | Arm
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| calcane/o | Calcaneum (heel bone)
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| carp/o | Carpus (wrist bone)
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| cephal/o | Head
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| cervic/o | Neck
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| clavicul/o | Clavicle (collar bone)
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| cost/o | Ribs
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| crani/o | Cranium (skull)
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| dactyl/o | Fingers;Toes
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| femor/o | Femur (thigh bone)
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| fibul/o | Fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)
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| humer/o | Humerus (upper arm bone)
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| ili/o | Ilium (lateral,flaring portion of hip bone)
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| ishi/o | Ischium (lower portion of hip bone)
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| lumb/o | Loins (lower back)
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| metacarp/o | Metacarpus (hand bones)
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| metatars/o | Metatarus (foot bones)
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| patell/o | Patella (kneecap)
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| pelv/i | Pelvis
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| pelv/o | Pelvis
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| phalang/o | Phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)
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| pod/o | Foot
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| pub/o | Pelvis bone (anterior part of pelvic bone)
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| radi/o | Radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
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| spondyl/o | Vertebrae (backbone)
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| vertebr/o | Vertebrae (backbone)
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| stern/o | Sternum (breastbone)
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| tibi/o | Tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
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| leiomy/o | Smooth muscle (visceral)
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| muscul/o | Muscle
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| my/o | Muscle
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| rhabd/o | Rod-shaped (striated)
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| rhabdomy/o | Rod-shaped (striated) Muscle
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| chondr/o | Cartilage
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| fasci/o | Band, Fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and seperating muscles)
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| fibr/o | Fibrous tissue
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| synov/o | Synovial membrane, Synovial fluid
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| ten/o | Tendon
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| tend/o | Tendon
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| tendin/o | Tendon
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| -asthenia | Weakness, Debility
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| -blast | Embryonic cell
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| -clasia | To break; Surgical Fracture
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| -clast | To break
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| -desis | Binding, Fixation (of a bone or joint)
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| -malacia | Softening
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| -physis | Growth
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| -porosis | Porous
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| -scopy | Visual examination
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| a- | Without, not
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| dys- | Bad, Painful, Difficult
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| sub- | Under, Below
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| supra- | Above, Excessive, Superior
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| syn- | Union, Joined, Together
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| Ankylosis | Stiffening & immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
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| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) | Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
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| Claudication | Lameness, Limping
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| Contracture | Fibrosis of connective tissue in the ski, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
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| Crepitation | Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
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| Electromyography | Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
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| Exacerbation | Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms
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| Ganglion Cyst | Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist
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| Hemarthrosis | Effusion of blood into a joint cavity
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| Hypotonia | Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
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| Multiple Myeloma | Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
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| Osteophyte | Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called 'bone spur'
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| Phantom Limb | Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
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| Prosthesis | Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
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| Rickets | Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called 'rachitis'
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| Sequestrum | Fragment of necrosed bone that has become seperated from surrounding tissue
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| Spondylolisthesis | Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
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| Spondylosis | Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
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| Sprain | Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
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| Subluxation | Partial or incomplete dislocation
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| Talipes Equinovarus | Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called 'clubfoot'
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| ACL | Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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| AE | Above the Elbow
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| AK | Above the Knee
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| BE | Below the Elbow
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| BK | Below the Knee
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| C1, C2, & so on | Firt Cervical vertebra, Second Cervical vertebra, ect.
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| Ca | Calcium;Cancer
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| CDH | Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
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| CTS | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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| CT | Computed Tomography
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| DEXA, DXA | Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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| DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease
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| EMG | Electromyography
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| MS | Musculoskeletal
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| Fx | Fracture
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| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
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| MG | Myasthenia Gravis
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| ORTH, ortho | Orthopedics
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| P | Phosphorus
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| HD | Hip Disarticulation
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| HNP | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
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| PCL | Posterior Cruciate Ligament
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| HP | Hemipelvectomy
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| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| RF | Rheumatoid Factor
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| IS | Intracostal Space
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| ROM | Range Of Motion
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| SD | Shoulder Disarticulation
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| THA | Total Hip Arthroplasty
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| IM | Intramuscular
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| IV | Intravenous
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| KD | Knee Disarticulation
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| THR | Total Hip Replacement
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| TKA | Total Knee Arthroplasty
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| TKR | Total Knee Replacement
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| TRAM | Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle
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| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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| MG | Myasthenia Gravis
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| LS | Lumbosacral Spine
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| L1, L2, and so on | First Lumbar vertebra, Second Lumbar vertebra, etc.,
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| Antagonist | Muscle that relaxes to allow movement
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| Arthrocentesis | Puncture of a joint space using a needle
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| BMD | Radiographic test to measure bone density
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| Hypotonia | Diminished resistance to passive stretching
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| Laminectomy | Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
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| Myelography | Radiography of the spinal cord using contrast medium
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| Open Reduction | repair of a fracture with insertion of screw
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| Pubis | Third portion of hip bone; in fron of bladder
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| Strain | Muscular injury resulting from exerting physical force
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| Sternum | Breast Bone
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| Abduction | Moves away from the midline
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| Supination | Turns the palm up
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| Adduction | Moves closer to the midline
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| Appendage | Any body part attached to a main structure
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| Dorsiflexion | Elevates the foot
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| Extension | Increases the angle of a joint
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| Flexion | Decreases the angle of a joint
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| Hematopoiesis | Development of blood cells
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| Inversion | Moves the sole of the foot inward
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| Kyphosis | Humpback
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| Lordosis | Swayback
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| Plantar Flexion | Lowers the foot (points the toes)
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| Pronation | Turns the palm down
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| Scoliosis | Abnormal rounded curvature
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| Supination | Turns the palm up
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