Mid-term review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Anatomy | study of the structure and form of body parts
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| Physiology | study of body functions
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| Metabolism | all chemical changes within cells considered together
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| Homeostasis | state of balance in which the body's internal environment remains in the normal range
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| Levels of Organization | 7 levels: 1) Chemical 2)Organelle 3) Cellular 4) Tissue 5) Organ 6) System 7) Organism
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| Feedback Control Loops | controls homeostasis; controlled mainly by the nervous and endocrine systems
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| Negative Feedback Loop | opposite, inhibitory, opposes change by creating a response that is opposite in direction to the initial disturbance, most common in the body
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| Positive Feedback Loop | same, stimulatory, often dangerous, amplify/reinforce change
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| 3 basic components of a feedback control loop | 1) receptor 2) integrating/control center 3) effector mechanism
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| Afferent | signal traveling towards a particular center or point of reference
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| Efferent | moving away
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| Characteristics of Life (10) | 1)movement 2)growth 3) responsiveness (irritability) 4) reproductioin 5) respiration 6) digestion 7) absorbtion 8) circulation 9) assimilation 10) excretion
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| Body Regions | (blank)
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| Major Cavities | Dorsal, Ventral, and Abdominopelvic
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| Three Planes of the Body | 1) transverse ( t to b) 2) sagittal (s to s) 3) coronal (f to b)
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| Medial | closer to midline
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| Lateral | closer to the side of the body
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| Distal | further from the point of origin
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| proximal | closer to the point of origin
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| posterior | more toward the back of the body
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| anterior | more toward the front of the body
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| superior | above another body part
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| inferior | below another body part
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| deep | far from the surface
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| superficial | close to the surface
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| 4 types of tissues | connective, nervous, epithelial, and muscle
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| Tissue | group of cells with a similar structure and function
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| Epithelial Tissue | lack blood vessels, line/cover organs and systems
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| Functions of a tissue | connects, supports, transportation, and defends
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| Vascular | own blood supply
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| Avascular | no blood supply
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| Classification of epithelial tissue | membranous and glandular
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| Endocrine glad | secretes a hormone internally usually into the circulation
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| exocrine gland | secretes its products into ducts opening into an external or internal surface
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| Three types of exocrine glands | merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine
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| Fibroblast | epithelial: star shaped cells that produce fibers
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| mast cell | epithelial: produce heparine (blood thining substance)
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| macrophage | epithelial: engulf bacteria
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| adipocytes | stores energy in fat
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| bood cells | transports materials (red) fights invaders (white)
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| Types of fibers | Collagenous, Reticular, and Elastic
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| Functions of Skin | protection, regulation of body temp, communication, and synthesis/secretion
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| Layers of Skin | Epidermis, Dermis, Basement membrane, Subcutaneous layer, loose adipose tissue
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| Layers of the epidermis | corneum, lucideum, granulosum, spinosum, basal
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| Layers of the dermis | Papillary, reticular
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| 4 Types of Membranes | Serous, Cutaneous, Synovial, and Cutaneous
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| Skin proteins | Keratinocytes and Melanocytes
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| Integumentary system | skin, hair, nails and cutaneous glands
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| skin functions | protection, vitamen d production, sensation, and excretion
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