Kidneys
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| Nephron | functional unit of the kidney
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| glomerulus & Bowmans Capsule | filter
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| Proximal convoluted tube | where most of absorption takes place
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| ADH | makes tubules more permiable to water
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| aldosterone | makes tubules more permiable to sodium
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| principle cells | cells in distal convoluted tube & collecting duct that are sensitive to ADH & Aldosterone
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| How you get water | food, bevs, blood volume
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| descending loop of Henley | thin & more permiable to water
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| ascending loop of Henley | thicker & more permiable to solutes
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| where is ADH produced | in Pituitary (Posterior)
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| where aldosterone is produced | cortex of adrenals
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| urinary output drops | ADH released
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| Diabetes insipitus | excessive urine output (can't hold water)
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| Hypernatremia | excessive sodium in plasma
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| hypernatremia causes | plasma levels to rise (as sodium levels increase, water follows which causes blood volume to increase
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| potassium levels increase/decrease in hypenatremia? | decrease (sodium potassium pump)
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| Angiotensin II | raises blood pressure & Heart rate (vasoconstrictor) & stimulates the release of Aldosterone
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| Renin | produced by Kidneys
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| Renin-angio I, Angio II, Aldosterone | Raise BP, Raise HR, Vasoconstrict
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| Hypothalmus | tells you thirsty
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| Plasma Proteins | made by liver
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| Parathyroid | breaks down bone to put calcium into the blood
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| Calcitriol | Vitamin D activated by Kidneys
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| hemorrage | renin release - HR up - ADH release (hold water) - Epi released - filtration of blood down - RBC production up - Secrete ANP (releases sodium)
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| Normal PH | 7.35 - 7.45
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| 3 mechanisms to level PH | Buffer, Respiratory, Kidneys
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| Buffer system | uses Bicarbs, fast & short term
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| Respiratory system | minutes, exhale CO2
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| Kidneys | slowest, days - release H+ in urine
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