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Phys chapter 20 revi
Kidneys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nephron | functional unit of the kidney |
| glomerulus & Bowmans Capsule | filter |
| Proximal convoluted tube | where most of absorption takes place |
| ADH | makes tubules more permiable to water |
| aldosterone | makes tubules more permiable to sodium |
| principle cells | cells in distal convoluted tube & collecting duct that are sensitive to ADH & Aldosterone |
| How you get water | food, bevs, blood volume |
| descending loop of Henley | thin & more permiable to water |
| ascending loop of Henley | thicker & more permiable to solutes |
| where is ADH produced | in Pituitary (Posterior) |
| where aldosterone is produced | cortex of adrenals |
| urinary output drops | ADH released |
| Diabetes insipitus | excessive urine output (can't hold water) |
| Hypernatremia | excessive sodium in plasma |
| hypernatremia causes | plasma levels to rise (as sodium levels increase, water follows which causes blood volume to increase |
| potassium levels increase/decrease in hypenatremia? | decrease (sodium potassium pump) |
| Angiotensin II | raises blood pressure & Heart rate (vasoconstrictor) & stimulates the release of Aldosterone |
| Renin | produced by Kidneys |
| Renin-angio I, Angio II, Aldosterone | Raise BP, Raise HR, Vasoconstrict |
| Hypothalmus | tells you thirsty |
| Plasma Proteins | made by liver |
| Parathyroid | breaks down bone to put calcium into the blood |
| Calcitriol | Vitamin D activated by Kidneys |
| hemorrage | renin release - HR up - ADH release (hold water) - Epi released - filtration of blood down - RBC production up - Secrete ANP (releases sodium) |
| Normal PH | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| 3 mechanisms to level PH | Buffer, Respiratory, Kidneys |
| Buffer system | uses Bicarbs, fast & short term |
| Respiratory system | minutes, exhale CO2 |
| Kidneys | slowest, days - release H+ in urine |