Obstetrics
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual flow
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| amnion | inner of the two membrane layers that surround and contain the fetus and the amniotic fluid during pregnancy
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| amniotic fluid | liquid produced by and contained within the fetal membranes during pregnancy. fluid protect the fetus from trauma and temperature variations
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| amniotic sac | double layered sac that contains the fetus and the amniotic fluid during pregnancy
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| areola | darker pigmented, circular area surrounding the nipple of each breast; areola mammae or the areola papillaris
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| ballottement | technique of using the examienrs finger to tap against the uterus, through the vagina to cause the fetus to "bounce"
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| Braxton Hicks contractions | irregular, ineffective contractions of the uterus that occur throughout pregnancy
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| cerclage | suturing the cervix to keep it from dilating prematurely during the pregnancy "purse string"
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| Chadwicks sign | bluish-violet hue of the cervix and vagina after approximately the sixth week of pregnancy
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| chloasma | patches of tan or brown pigmentation associated with pregnancy, occuring mostly on the forehead, cheeks, nose "mask of pregnancy"
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| chorion | outer of the two membrane layers that surround and contain the fetus and the amniotic fluid during pregnancy
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| coitus | sexual intercourse; copulation
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| colostrum | thin, yellowish fluid secreted by the breasts during pregnancy and the first few days after birth
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| conception | union of a male sperm and a female ovum; fertilization
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| corpus luteum | mass of yellowish tissue that forms with the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation
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| eclampsia | most severe form of hypertension during pregnancy, evidenced by seizures
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| edema | swelling, with water retention
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| effacement | thinning of the cervix, which allows it to enlarge the diameter of its opening in preparation for childbirth
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| embryo | name given to the product of conception from the second through the eighth week of pregnancy
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| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus
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| episiotomy | surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the womans perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery of the baby
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| fetoscope | special stethoscope for hearing the fetal heartbeat through the mothers abdomen
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| fetus | name given to the developing baby from approximately the eighth week after conception until birth.
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| fimbriae | fringelike end of the fallopian tube
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| fundus | superior aspect of the uterus
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| gamete | mature sperm or ovum
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| gastroesophageal reflux | return or reflux of gastric juices into the esophagus "burning sensation"
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| gestation | term of pregnancy which equals approximately 280 days from the onset of the last menstrual period - gestational period
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| gonads | gamete-producing gland, such as an ovary or a testie
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| Goodell's sign | softening of the uterine cervix, probable sign of pregnancy
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| gravida | woman who is pregnant; gravida I-first pregnancy, gravida II-second pregnancy, etc.
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| Hegar's sign | softening of the lower segment of the uterus; probable sign of pregnancy
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| hypertension | high blood pressure (140/90 mmHg)
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| hypotension | low blood pressure; abnormal condition
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| labor | time and the processes that occure during birth
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| lactation | production and secretion of milk from the female breasts as nourishment for the infant - breastfeeding
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| laparoscopy | visualization of the abdominal cavity with an instrument called a laparoscope through an incision into the abdominal wall
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| leukorrhea | white discharge from the vagina
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| lightening | settling of the fetal head into the pelvis; few weeks prior to the onset of labor
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| linea nigra | darkened vertical midline appearing on the abdomen of a pregnant woman
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| lithotomy position | position in which the patient lies on her back, buttocks even with the end of table, with her knees bent back toward her abdomen and the heel of each foot resting in an elevated foot rest at the end of the examination table
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| lordosis | forward curvature of the spine
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| multipara | woman who has given birth two or more times after 20 weeks gestation
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| Nageles Rule | formula that is used to calculate the DOB- subtract 3 months from the first day of last menstrual period and add 1 year and 7 days to that date)
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| neonatology | branch of medicine that specializeds in the treatment and care of the disease and disorders of the newborn through the first four weeks of life
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| nullipara | woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks gestation
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| obstetrician | physician who specializes in the care of woman during pregnancy, the delivery of the baby, and the first six weeks following the delivery
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| obstetrics | field of medicine that deals with pregnancy, the delivery of the baby, and the first six weeks after delivery
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| ovulation | release of the mature ovum from the ovary; 14 days prior to the beginning of menses
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| placenta | highly vascular, disc shaped organ that forms in the pregnant uterine wall for exchange of gases and nutrients between the mother and the fetus
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| preeclampsia | state during pregnancy in which the expectant mother develops high blood pressure, accompanied by proteinuria or edema, or both after 20 weeks
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| pregnancy | period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth- 40 weeks
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| primipara | woman who has given birth for the first time, after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks gestation
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| quickening | first feeling of movemonet of the fetus felt by the expectant mother- 16 to 20 weeks gestation
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| striae gravidarum | stretch marks that occur during pregnancy due to the great amount of stretching that occurs
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| trimester | one of three periods of approximately three months into which pregnancy is divided; first trimester consist of 1 - 12 weeks, second trimester 13-27 weeks, third trimester 28-40 weeks
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| waddling gait | manner of walking in which the feet are wide aprt and the walk resembles that of a duck
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| abortion | termination of a pregnancy before the fetus has reached a viable age
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| abruptio placenta | premature seperation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall, after the pregnancy has passed 20 weeks gestation or during labor
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| ectopic pregnancy | abnormal implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity; tubal pregnancy
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| gestational diabetes | disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy
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| hyperemesis gravidarum | abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by severe vomiting that results in maternal dehydration and weight loss
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| incompetent cervix | condition in which the cervical os, dilates before the fetus reachs term, w/o labor or uterine contractions
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| bloody show | vaginal discharge that is a mixture of thick mucus and pink or dark brown blood
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| Braxton Hicks contractions | mild, irregular contractions that occur throughout pregnancy
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| lightening | expectant mother will notice that she can breathe easier because the descent of the baby relieves some of the pressure from her diaphragm
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| rupture of the amniotic sac | rupture of teh amniotic sac may occure prior to the onset of labor, may occure during labor, or may not occur without assistance - "water broke"
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| sudden burst of energy | suddenly have the energy to do major housecleaning duties-things they have not had the energy to do previously
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| amniocentesis | surgical puncture of the amniotic sac for the purpose of removing amniotic fluid
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| cesarean section | surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered transabdominally - cesarean delivery
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| contraction stress test | stress test used to evaluate the ability of the fetus to tolerate the stress of labor and delivery (CST)- oxytocin challenge test
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| pelvic ultrasound | noninvasive procedure that uses high frequency sound waves to examine the pelvis
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| pelvimetry | process of measuring the female pelvis; manually or by x-ray to determine its adequacy for childbearing
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| pregnancy testing | tests performed on maternal urine and/or blood to determine the presence of the hormone HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
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