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Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 19 Oncology

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Question
Answer
Which term describes the spread of malignant tumors to a distant location?   metastasis  
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Which is an example of a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue?   adenocarcinoma of the lung (lung tissue is epithelial tissue)  
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Wis a description of a fungating tumor?   mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other  
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Which term includes sessile and penduculated types of growth?   polypoid  
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What term describes localized tumor growth?   Carcinoma "in situ"  
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Which is a description of a scirrhous type tumor?   Hard, densely packed tumor cells  
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What does "staging" a tumor mean?   Assessing the extent of tumor spread  
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What does mutagenic mean?   Producing a change in the DNA of a cell  
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What does the notation T1N2M0 mean?   Tumor is present - with palpable lymph nodes - and no metastases  
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What is the definition of a mutation   inheritable changes in a cell  
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Which is an example of genetic material that causes cancer?   ONCOGENES (region of DNA in tumor cells or viruses that cause cancer)  
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Which is a description of exenteration?   wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue  
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What is the meaning of fulguration?   destruction of tissue by electric sparks  
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Which is an example of a known type of inherited cancer?   retinoblastoma  
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What is a definition of modality?   method of treatment  
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Which is a definition of a radioresistant tumor?   tumor requires larges doses of radiation to produce death of cells  
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Which is a description of electrocauterization?   Treating tissue with electrically generated heat  
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Which is a description of pharmacokinetics?   study of the distribution of drugs in the body  
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What term means assisting or aiding?   adjuvant  
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Which term is used in treatment of tumors with radiation?   linear accelerators  
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Which is a description of an estrogen receptor assay?   tests for the concentration of hormone receptor sites in cells of BREAST CANCER patients  
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Which best describes a wide surgical incision of the abdomen to detect disease   STAGING laparotomy  
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What best describes interferon?   biological response modifier  
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What term means return of symptoms of disease?   relapse  
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Which term means cancerous tumor derived from bone?   Osteogenic Sarcoma  
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a side effect of radiation therapy (redness of skin)   erythema  
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a side effect of chemotheraphy or radiotherapy (hair loss)   alopecia  
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A side effect of radiation therapy to the lungs (abnormal growth of connective tissue)   fibrosis  
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Hypoplasia of bone marrow   Meylosuppression  
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Inflammation of the inner lining of an organ   Mucositis  
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replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell   mitosis  
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cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis   RNA  
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infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself   Virus  
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rays given off by the sun   ultraviolet radiation  
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an agent that causes cancer (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone)   chemical carcinogen  
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genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis   DNA  
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region of genetic material that causes cancer, found in tumor cells or viruses   oncogene  
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change in the genetic material of a cell   mutation  
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energy carried by a stream of particles   radiation  
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characterized by redness, swelling, and heat   inflammatory  
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tumors are large, soft, fleshy   medullary  
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containing dead tissue   necrotic  
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mushrooming pattern of growth   fungating  
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characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces   ulcerating  
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tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid   cystic  
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tumors resemble wart-like growths   verrucous  
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growths are projections from a base (sessile and penduculated)   polypoid  
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removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors   excisional biopsy  
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removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes   en bloc resection  
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Burning a lesion   electrocauterization  
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destruction by high-frequency electric sparks.   fulguration  
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cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis   incisional biopsy  
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freezing a lesion   cryosurgery  
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wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip.   pelvic exenteration  
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test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (marker for testicular cancer)   beta-HCG test  
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incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease   staging laparotomy  
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protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood   CA-125  
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Visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy   laparoscopy  
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test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells   estrogen receptor assay  
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Removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue   Bone Marrow Biopsy  
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aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination   needle biopsy  
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blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer   PSA test  
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Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer)   CEA test  
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Cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined   exfoliative cytology  
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