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Study Guide Ch 19
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 19 Oncology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which term describes the spread of malignant tumors to a distant location? | metastasis |
| Which is an example of a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue? | adenocarcinoma of the lung (lung tissue is epithelial tissue) |
| Wis a description of a fungating tumor? | mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other |
| Which term includes sessile and penduculated types of growth? | polypoid |
| What term describes localized tumor growth? | Carcinoma "in situ" |
| Which is a description of a scirrhous type tumor? | Hard, densely packed tumor cells |
| What does "staging" a tumor mean? | Assessing the extent of tumor spread |
| What does mutagenic mean? | Producing a change in the DNA of a cell |
| What does the notation T1N2M0 mean? | Tumor is present - with palpable lymph nodes - and no metastases |
| What is the definition of a mutation | inheritable changes in a cell |
| Which is an example of genetic material that causes cancer? | ONCOGENES (region of DNA in tumor cells or viruses that cause cancer) |
| Which is a description of exenteration? | wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue |
| What is the meaning of fulguration? | destruction of tissue by electric sparks |
| Which is an example of a known type of inherited cancer? | retinoblastoma |
| What is a definition of modality? | method of treatment |
| Which is a definition of a radioresistant tumor? | tumor requires larges doses of radiation to produce death of cells |
| Which is a description of electrocauterization? | Treating tissue with electrically generated heat |
| Which is a description of pharmacokinetics? | study of the distribution of drugs in the body |
| What term means assisting or aiding? | adjuvant |
| Which term is used in treatment of tumors with radiation? | linear accelerators |
| Which is a description of an estrogen receptor assay? | tests for the concentration of hormone receptor sites in cells of BREAST CANCER patients |
| Which best describes a wide surgical incision of the abdomen to detect disease | STAGING laparotomy |
| What best describes interferon? | biological response modifier |
| What term means return of symptoms of disease? | relapse |
| Which term means cancerous tumor derived from bone? | Osteogenic Sarcoma |
| a side effect of radiation therapy (redness of skin) | erythema |
| a side effect of chemotheraphy or radiotherapy (hair loss) | alopecia |
| A side effect of radiation therapy to the lungs (abnormal growth of connective tissue) | fibrosis |
| Hypoplasia of bone marrow | Meylosuppression |
| Inflammation of the inner lining of an organ | Mucositis |
| replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell | mitosis |
| cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis | RNA |
| infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself | Virus |
| rays given off by the sun | ultraviolet radiation |
| an agent that causes cancer (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone) | chemical carcinogen |
| genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis | DNA |
| region of genetic material that causes cancer, found in tumor cells or viruses | oncogene |
| change in the genetic material of a cell | mutation |
| energy carried by a stream of particles | radiation |
| characterized by redness, swelling, and heat | inflammatory |
| tumors are large, soft, fleshy | medullary |
| containing dead tissue | necrotic |
| mushrooming pattern of growth | fungating |
| characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces | ulcerating |
| tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid | cystic |
| tumors resemble wart-like growths | verrucous |
| growths are projections from a base (sessile and penduculated) | polypoid |
| removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors | excisional biopsy |
| removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes | en bloc resection |
| Burning a lesion | electrocauterization |
| destruction by high-frequency electric sparks. | fulguration |
| cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis | incisional biopsy |
| freezing a lesion | cryosurgery |
| wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip. | pelvic exenteration |
| test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (marker for testicular cancer) | beta-HCG test |
| incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease | staging laparotomy |
| protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood | CA-125 |
| Visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy | laparoscopy |
| test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells | estrogen receptor assay |
| Removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue | Bone Marrow Biopsy |
| aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination | needle biopsy |
| blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer | PSA test |
| Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer) | CEA test |
| Cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined | exfoliative cytology |
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