Chapter 12 - The Heart
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show | heart, thoracic
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show | to pump blood
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the diaphragm is directly ______ the heart. | show 🗑
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in the embryo, the heart begins to beat at __ weeks of age. | show 🗑
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show | pericardial
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There are three layers of pericardial membranes. What are they? | show 🗑
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show | The outermost layer
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What is the fibrous pericardium? | show 🗑
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What is another name for the visceral pericardium? | show 🗑
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Between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes is ______ fluid. | show 🗑
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What is the function of serous fluid? | show 🗑
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the _____ of the four chambers of the heart are made of cardiac muscle called the myocardium. | show 🗑
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How many chambers does the heart have? | show 🗑
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endocardium is simple _________ ___________ lining the 4 chambers, valves and vessels. | show 🗑
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show | the right and left atria
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what is the name of the wall that seperates the right and left atria? | show 🗑
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show | ventricles
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the right and left ventricles are seperated by thick walls called the ___________ ______. | show 🗑
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What does the atria recieve blood from? | show 🗑
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the ventricles pump blood to either the _____ or the _____. | show 🗑
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show | right atrium
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the superior _____ _____ carries blood from the upper body. | show 🗑
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show | inferior vena cava
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from the right atrium, blood will flow through the right atrioventricular valve or the _________ _____ into the right ventricle. | show 🗑
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the triscupid valve is made of three ____ or cusps of the endocardium reinforced with connective tissue. | show 🗑
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show | to prevent backflow of blood
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the specific purpose of the _______ valve is to prevent backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium when the right ventricle __________. | show 🗑
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as the ventricle contracts, blood is forced behind the three valve flaps, forcing them _______ and together to _____ the valve | show 🗑
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the left atrium receives blood from the lungs, by way of four _________ veins. | show 🗑
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the left atrioventricular valve is also referred to as the _____ valve or the _________ valve. | show 🗑
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show | ventricle, atrium, contracts
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show | atria
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show | atrial natriuretic hormone.
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What is the function of the atrial natriuretic hormone? | show 🗑
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show | decreases
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show | volume, pressure
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show | aldosterone, raises
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when the right ventricle contracts, the _________ valve ________ and the blood is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. | show 🗑
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show | pulmonary valve
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the pulmonary valve has __ (number) flaps which are forced open when the right ventricle ______ and pumps blood in to the _________ artery. | show 🗑
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show | relaxes, backflow, right
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show | papillary muscles
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show | chordae tendonae
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when the right ventricle contracts, the papillary muscles also contract and pull on the chordae tendonae to _______ inversion of the ________ valve. | show 🗑
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which walls are thicker the left ventricle or the right ventricle? | show 🗑
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show | to enable the left ventricle to contract more forcefully.
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the left ventricle pumps blood to the body through the _____. | show 🗑
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true or false: the aorta is the third largest artery in the body. | show 🗑
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show | at the junction of the aorta and the left ventricle.
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show | contraction, mitral
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show | closes, relaxes
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show | left
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the flaps of the mitral valve are also anchored by ________ _________ and papillary muscles. | show 🗑
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what is the fibrous connective tissue that anchors the outer edges of the valve flaps and keeps the valve openings from stretching? | show 🗑
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show | myocardium, ventricles
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show | deoxygenated, lungs
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the left side of the heart receives _________ blood from the lungs and pumps it to the ______. | show 🗑
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both atria work _______. | show 🗑
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at what part of the heart are the right and left coronary arteries located? | show 🗑
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the coronary capillaries merge to form coronary ______. | show 🗑
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show | right atrium
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what is the purpose of the coronary vessels? | show 🗑
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show | oxygen
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what happens when a coronary artery becomes obstructed by a blood clot? | show 🗑
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what is ischemic? | show 🗑
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what is the medical term for a heart attack? | show 🗑
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what causes a myocardial infarction. | show 🗑
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show | one
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show | systole
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blood is constantly flowing from the _____ into both _____. | show 🗑
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as blood accumulates, its pressure forces open the right and left ___ ______. | show 🗑
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show | passively
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show | ventricles
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show | flap, closes
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most blood flows passively from _____ to ______. | show 🗑
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show | actively, ventricles
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if any of the valves do not close properly and extra sound called a _____ ______ can be heard. | show 🗑
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show | a stethoscope
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show | electrical, myocardium
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show | spontaneously.
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what is stenosis? | show 🗑
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what are intercalated discs? | show 🗑
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where are intercalated discs? | show 🗑
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show | electrical impluse
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show | sinoatrial node or the SA node
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show | a specialized group of cardiac muscles located in the wall of the right atrium just below the opening of the SVA.
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where is the atriventricular (AV) node located? | show 🗑
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the transmission of _______ from the SA node to the AV node and to the rest of the atrial _________ brings about atrial ______. | show 🗑
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what carries the signal from the AV node to the bundle branches? | show 🗑
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show | the bundle of His.
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show | purkinje
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show | the electrocardiogram (ECG)
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what are arrythmias? | show 🗑
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_________ is uncoordinated contraction? | show 🗑
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show | measurement of the heart rate at a vessel
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what is a normal pulse range for adults? | show 🗑
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______ is less than 60 BPM. | show 🗑
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tachycardia is more than ___ BPM. | show 🗑
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show | pumped
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stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in __ ______. | show 🗑
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cardiac reserve is the difference between _______ output and _______ output in liters. | show 🗑
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the ______ has the ability to influence the rate of contraction. | show 🗑
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the medulla contains two cardiac centers. what are they? | show 🗑
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show | heart rate is carried out by the SNS
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show | heart rate is carried out by the PSNS
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__________ and/or baroreceptors detect pressure in the arteries. | show 🗑
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show | located in the carotid and aortic sinuses.
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chemoreceptors detect ______ content in the _____. | show 🗑
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show | located in the carotid and aortic bodies
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