Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 13 Blood System
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| white blood cell with reddish granules, numbers INCREASE in allergic reactions | eosinopohil
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| Protein threads that form the basis of a clot | FIBRIN are protein "threads" formed from fibrogen. (Don't confuse with platelets which are thrombin "cells")
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| Method of separating plasma proteins by electrical charge | Electrophoresis
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| foreign material that invades the body | antigens
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| pigment produced from hemogloblin when red blood cells are destroyed (hemolysis) | bilirubin
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| an undifferentiated blood cell is called an | Hematopoetic stem cell (when stem cells have not yet changed into mature forms they are are categorized "diffrentiated")
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| anticoagulant found in the blood | heparin - the body's natural anticoagulant
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| a disorder of Red Blood Cell MORPHOLOGY is | Poikilocytosis (abnormally formed red blood cells characteristic of various anemias)
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| Deficiency in numbers of white blood cells (in this case, a deficiency of neutrophils) | neutropenia
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| an immature red blood cell is a...? | erythroblast (erythr/o = red, -blast = immature cell)
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| derived from bone marrow | myeloid (myel = bone marrow, -oid = derived/resembling)
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| Breakdown of recipient's red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed | hemolysis (hemo = blood, -lysis)
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| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Sideropenia occurs, causing deficient production of hemoglobin. | iron-deficiency anemia (sideropenia - low iron anemia)
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| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction. | hemolytic anemia (hemo = blood, -lytic = pert to breakdown/separation/destruction)
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| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow. | APLASTIC ANEMIA - (aplastic = not exhibiting growth or change in structure)(anemia = a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume)
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| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin. | Thalassemia (aka: Mediterranean anemia )
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| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Lack of mature red cells - due to - inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body | Pernicious Anemia (pernicious = highly injurous or destructive)
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| excessive deposits of iron throughout the body | hemochromatosis (hem/o = blood, chromat/o = colored, -osis = abnormal condition)
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| symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a likely diagnosis of | Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (aka: ALL) marked by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts, characterized by rapid onset and progression of symptoms on front flap of this flashcard.
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| Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX | Hemophilia (hem/o = blood, -philiac = pert to a "tendency" toward) Hemophiliac - tends to bleed.
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| venous blood is clotted in a test tube to measure...? | coagulation time (15-20 minutes is the normal range)
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| Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBCs is taken | Hematocrit (hemat/o = blood, -crit = count/judge/guage)
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| blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form (morphology) of cells. | Red blood cell morphology (study of shape/change)
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| leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms | WBC differential (differential is the change which occurs as cells mature from their immature forms)
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| venous blood is collected; anti-coagulant added and the distance cells FALL in period of time is determined in this test... | sedimentation rate
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| A "Red Blood Cell" | erythrocyte (erythr/o = red, -cyte = cell)
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| (type of cell) "white blood cell; phagocyte, and is a precursor of a macrophage" | monocyte (mon/o = one, single) (-cyte = cell, in this case, the nucleus)
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| term meaning "thrombocyte" | platelet
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| term meaning "bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells" | Hematopoietic Stem Cell
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| term meaning "leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies | LYMPHOcyte (produced in Lymph tissues)
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| term meaning "leukocyte with dense, REDDISH granules; associated with ALLERGIC reactions | Esinophil(s)
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| term meaning "leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having NEUTRAL-staining granules | Neutrophil(s)
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| term meaning "leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for BASIC stain; releases histamine and heparin | Basophil(s)
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| concerning blood cells, this is a term for "irregularity in shape" | poikilocytosis
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| deficiency in numbers of RBCs | erythrocytopenia (erythr/o = red, cyt/o = cell, -penia = deficiency)
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| reduction of hemoglobin ("color") | Hypochromic (hypo- = decreased, chrom/o = color, -ic = pert to.)
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| increase in numbers of SMALL cells | Microcytosis (micro = small, cytosis = condition of cells)
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| erythremia (characterized by an increase in total blood volume and viscosity and typically accompanied by nosebleed, headache, dizziness, weakness, etc) | polycythemia vera
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| increase in numbers of LARGE cells | macrocytosis (macro- = large, cytosis = condition of cells)
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| formation of red cells (as from the bone marrow) | erythropoiesis (erythr/o = red, -poiesis = formation)
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| destruction of red cells | hemolysis (hem/o = blood, -lysis = destruction / separation / breakdown
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| relieving, but not curing | pallative
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| deficiency of ALL blood cells | pancytopenia (pan- = all, cyt/o = cell, -penia = deficiency)
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| increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions | eosinophilia (eosin/o - red, dawn, rosy) (-philia = attraction, tendency, increase in cells)
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| symptoms of disease return is called _______? | relapse
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| MULTIPLE pinpoint hemorrhages (multiple petechiae formations) | purpura (characterized by patches of purplish discoloration resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin and mucous membranes)
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| the separation of blood into it's components is called ? | apheresis (-apheresis = removal, carry away), usually termed as plasmapheresis
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| symptoms of disease disappear the patient is in ______? | remission
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| A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells, this test/exam is called...? | RBC Morphology
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| this test measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood | hematocrit
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| this test determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter | platelet count
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| (this tests the) Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube | Coagulation Time
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| (this test) Measures the speed at which erythrocytes SETTLE outside of plasma | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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| (this test) Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs | the WBC Differential
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| (this test) Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia | COOMBS TEST
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| (this procedure employs) Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor, infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant
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| The time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding is called ? | bleeding time test
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| (procedure where a) Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under the microscope | Bone Marrow Biopsy
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| (procedure where) Blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient | Autologous Transfusion
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