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Study Guide Ch 13
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 13 Blood System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| white blood cell with reddish granules, numbers INCREASE in allergic reactions | eosinopohil |
| Protein threads that form the basis of a clot | FIBRIN are protein "threads" formed from fibrogen. (Don't confuse with platelets which are thrombin "cells") |
| Method of separating plasma proteins by electrical charge | Electrophoresis |
| foreign material that invades the body | antigens |
| pigment produced from hemogloblin when red blood cells are destroyed (hemolysis) | bilirubin |
| an undifferentiated blood cell is called an | Hematopoetic stem cell (when stem cells have not yet changed into mature forms they are are categorized "diffrentiated") |
| anticoagulant found in the blood | heparin - the body's natural anticoagulant |
| a disorder of Red Blood Cell MORPHOLOGY is | Poikilocytosis (abnormally formed red blood cells characteristic of various anemias) |
| Deficiency in numbers of white blood cells (in this case, a deficiency of neutrophils) | neutropenia |
| an immature red blood cell is a...? | erythroblast (erythr/o = red, -blast = immature cell) |
| derived from bone marrow | myeloid (myel = bone marrow, -oid = derived/resembling) |
| Breakdown of recipient's red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed | hemolysis (hemo = blood, -lysis) |
| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Sideropenia occurs, causing deficient production of hemoglobin. | iron-deficiency anemia (sideropenia - low iron anemia) |
| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction. | hemolytic anemia (hemo = blood, -lytic = pert to breakdown/separation/destruction) |
| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow. | APLASTIC ANEMIA - (aplastic = not exhibiting growth or change in structure)(anemia = a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume) |
| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin. | Thalassemia (aka: Mediterranean anemia ) |
| NAME THAT ANEMIA! Lack of mature red cells - due to - inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body | Pernicious Anemia (pernicious = highly injurous or destructive) |
| excessive deposits of iron throughout the body | hemochromatosis (hem/o = blood, chromat/o = colored, -osis = abnormal condition) |
| symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a likely diagnosis of | Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (aka: ALL) marked by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphoblasts, characterized by rapid onset and progression of symptoms on front flap of this flashcard. |
| Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX | Hemophilia (hem/o = blood, -philiac = pert to a "tendency" toward) Hemophiliac - tends to bleed. |
| venous blood is clotted in a test tube to measure...? | coagulation time (15-20 minutes is the normal range) |
| Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBCs is taken | Hematocrit (hemat/o = blood, -crit = count/judge/guage) |
| blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form (morphology) of cells. | Red blood cell morphology (study of shape/change) |
| leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms | WBC differential (differential is the change which occurs as cells mature from their immature forms) |
| venous blood is collected; anti-coagulant added and the distance cells FALL in period of time is determined in this test... | sedimentation rate |
| A "Red Blood Cell" | erythrocyte (erythr/o = red, -cyte = cell) |
| (type of cell) "white blood cell; phagocyte, and is a precursor of a macrophage" | monocyte (mon/o = one, single) (-cyte = cell, in this case, the nucleus) |
| term meaning "thrombocyte" | platelet |
| term meaning "bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells" | Hematopoietic Stem Cell |
| term meaning "leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies | LYMPHOcyte (produced in Lymph tissues) |
| term meaning "leukocyte with dense, REDDISH granules; associated with ALLERGIC reactions | Esinophil(s) |
| term meaning "leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having NEUTRAL-staining granules | Neutrophil(s) |
| term meaning "leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for BASIC stain; releases histamine and heparin | Basophil(s) |
| concerning blood cells, this is a term for "irregularity in shape" | poikilocytosis |
| deficiency in numbers of RBCs | erythrocytopenia (erythr/o = red, cyt/o = cell, -penia = deficiency) |
| reduction of hemoglobin ("color") | Hypochromic (hypo- = decreased, chrom/o = color, -ic = pert to.) |
| increase in numbers of SMALL cells | Microcytosis (micro = small, cytosis = condition of cells) |
| erythremia (characterized by an increase in total blood volume and viscosity and typically accompanied by nosebleed, headache, dizziness, weakness, etc) | polycythemia vera |
| increase in numbers of LARGE cells | macrocytosis (macro- = large, cytosis = condition of cells) |
| formation of red cells (as from the bone marrow) | erythropoiesis (erythr/o = red, -poiesis = formation) |
| destruction of red cells | hemolysis (hem/o = blood, -lysis = destruction / separation / breakdown |
| relieving, but not curing | pallative |
| deficiency of ALL blood cells | pancytopenia (pan- = all, cyt/o = cell, -penia = deficiency) |
| increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions | eosinophilia (eosin/o - red, dawn, rosy) (-philia = attraction, tendency, increase in cells) |
| symptoms of disease return is called _______? | relapse |
| MULTIPLE pinpoint hemorrhages (multiple petechiae formations) | purpura (characterized by patches of purplish discoloration resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin and mucous membranes) |
| the separation of blood into it's components is called ? | apheresis (-apheresis = removal, carry away), usually termed as plasmapheresis |
| symptoms of disease disappear the patient is in ______? | remission |
| A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells, this test/exam is called...? | RBC Morphology |
| this test measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood | hematocrit |
| this test determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter | platelet count |
| (this tests the) Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube | Coagulation Time |
| (this test) Measures the speed at which erythrocytes SETTLE outside of plasma | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
| (this test) Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs | the WBC Differential |
| (this test) Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia | COOMBS TEST |
| (this procedure employs) Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor, infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant |
| The time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding is called ? | bleeding time test |
| (procedure where a) Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under the microscope | Bone Marrow Biopsy |
| (procedure where) Blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient | Autologous Transfusion |
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