From Phlebotomy Technician Specialist Text 3
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| diastole | the normal "rest period" in the heart cycle, during which the myo fibers lengthen, the heart dialates and the cavities fill with blood
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| differential | the number and type of cells determined by microscopic examination of a thin layer of blood on a glass slide
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| distal | the farthest point of origin of a structure, opposit of proximal
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| distress | physical or mental pain or suffering. A term used to describe abnormal, unhealthy, or extreme stress
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| donor unit | a specific amount of blood, approx. 1 pint, supplied by a volunteer as part of a blood-banking procedure.
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| dorsal cavity | the posterior cavity of the body which houses the brain and spinal column
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| duodenum | the first part of the small intestine, beginning at the pylorus
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| duty of care: | the responsibility not to infringe on another's rights oby either intentionally or carelessly causing him or her harm.
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| efferent | carrying away from a central organ or secion, as efferent nerves
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| elasticity | the quality of returning to original size and shape after compression or stretching
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| electrocardiogram | record of the electrical activity of the heart
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| electrodes | small, specially prepared tabs with conductive gel placed in direct contact with skin to detect elec. current from within the heart
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| electrolytes | substances that conduct elec. when dissolved in water. Acids, bases, and salts are common electrolytes, incld. potassium, sodium and chlorine found in blood, tissue fluids and cells
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| empathy | objective awareness of and insight into the feelings, emotins and behavior of another person
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| endocardium | membrane lining the interior of the heart
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| endocrine gland | gland which secretes into the blood or tissue fluid instead of into a duct
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| enviornmental protection agency (EPA) | the federal agency that regulates and monitors the inventory, storage, usage, techniques, and disposal of harmful substances to the envioronment
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| eosinophil | white blood cells whose granules stain a bright orange-red with eosin or other acid dyes. they increase in an allergic response
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| epicardium | external layer of the heart and part of pericardial sac
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| epidermis | outermost layer of skin
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| epiglottis | a mature red blood cell
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| ethics | system of principles govern. medical conduct. Deals with the relationship of the health care professional to the patient, the patient's family, associates and society at large.
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| eustress | term used to describe normal, healthy, or manageable stress
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| excitablity | the ability to respond to stimuli
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| exocrine gland | gland that secretes into a duct
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| explanaiton of benefits | expl. of services periodically issued to recipients or providers on whose behalf claims have been pain
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| extensibility | the ability to increase the angle between 2 bones
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| exudation | pathologic oozing of fluids, usually result of inflammation
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| false imprisonment | intentional and unjustifiable act of preventing someone from moving about.
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| fasting blood sugar | patient is required to restrict dietary intake for 12 hours prior to collec. of a specimen for testing for glucose levels in the blood
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| febrile | feverish; pertaining to a fever. Abnormal elevation of temp.
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| felony | crime more serious than misdemeanor, punishable by a sentence of more than 2 year in prison or death
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| fimbria | the longest fringe-like extremity of a fallopian tube extending from the uterine tube to almost the ovary
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| fomits | objects, such as clothing, towels and utensils that possibly harbor a disease agent and are capable of transmitting it.
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| fraud | intentional misrepresentation. Deliberate deception intended to produce unlawful gain.
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| frontal plane | plane parallel to the long axis of the body. Splits the body in half, front to back. Divides the body into anterior and posterior.
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| galvanometer | instrument that measures electric current by electromagnetic action. Early ECG machine.
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| garmete | mature male or female reproductive cell; the spermatozoon or ovum
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| gatekeeper | primary care physician responsible for advising and coord. patient's health care needs
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| glomerulus | part of the nephron; a tuft of capillaries situated within Bowman's capsule
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | test involving multiple collections of blood and urine over time to evaluate the metabolism of glucose. It is performed by giving the patient a measured amount of glucose either orally or intravenously
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| glucosuria | sugar (glucose) in the urine
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| granulocty | white blood cell having granules in its cytoplasm
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| hard copy | printed paper copy of a computer generated report
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| hardware | equipment used to process data (ie: keyboard, disk drive, monitor and printer)
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| health maintenance organization (HMO) | type of program in which enrollees receive benefits for services from authorized and preselected providers, usually a primary care Dr. Generalloy do not receive coverage by services, except for emergen. by providers not in the HMO network.
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| hematocrit | percentage by volume of red blood cells in whole blood
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| hematoma | swelling or mass of blood (usually clotted), confined to an organ, tissue, or space that is cused by a break in a blood vessel
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| hemochromatosis | genetic disease marked by excessive absorption and accumulation of ron in the body
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| hemoconcentration | relative increase in the number of red blood cells resulting from a decrease in the volume of plasma
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| hemoglobin | iron containing protein pigment of the red blood cells, which carries O2 from lungs to the tissues
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| hemoglobinuria | presence in urine ofhemoglobin free from red blood cells
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| hemolysis | destruction of membrane of red blood cells and the liberaration of hemoglobin, which diffuses into the surrounding fluid
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| hemophiliac | person afflicted with a heriditary blood disease marked by greatly prolonged blood coagulation time, with consequent failure of the blood to clot and abnormal bleeding, sometimes accompanied by joint swelling
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| hemopoiesis | production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
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| hepatitis B (HBV) | blood-borne pathogen that causes a severe acute infection and may progress to chronic infection and permanent liver damage. Caused by the hapatitis B virus, an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus
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| high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) | "good" cholesterol
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| homeostasis | state of dynamic equilibirum of the internal enviornment of the body
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| hormone | chemical secretion, usually fom an endocrine gland (e.g. insulin from the pancreas)
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| human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) | hormone produced by the placenta that appears in both urine and serum, beginning approx. 10 days after conception, the presence of which is an indication of pregnancy
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| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | retro-virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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| hyperglycemic | pertaining to the condition in which the blood sugar (glucose) is increased, as in diabetes mellitus
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| hyperkalemia | an excessive amt. of potassium in the blood
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| hypertension | condition in which the patient has a highter than normal blood pressure. for adults, this usually means a BP > 140/90
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| > | less than
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| < | greater than
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| hypoglycemic | pertaining to a condition in which the blood sugar (glucose) is abnormally low, as in hyperinsulinism
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| hypokalemia | extreme potassium depletion in the blood
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| hypotention | decrease of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values which are significantly lower than normal
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| hypothermia | state in which an individual's body temp is reduced below the normal range of <96.0
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| ileum | lower part of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the large intestine
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| infection | prescence and growth of a microorganism that produces tissue damage
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| inferior | beneath, lower, referring to the underside of an organ or indicating a structure below another
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| informed consent | agreement by the patient to a medical procedure or tx after receiving adequate info about the procedure or tx, risks and/or consequences
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| inpatient | patent who is hospitalized overnight
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| insured | individual or organization covered for protection and loss under the specific terms of an insurance policy
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| integrity | to adhere to a strict ethical code. to be in an undiminished or unimpaired state.
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| intentional infliction of emotional distress | willful infliction of emotions or actions causing the patient to suffer duress
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| interstitial fluid | fluid between the tissue; surround a cell
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| intervals | wave in addition to a connecting straight line
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| intradermal | within the substance of the skin
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| invasion of privacy | a tort involv. one or more of the follow. 4 catagories: illegal appropriation of another's name for commercial use, intrusion into a person's privacy, placing a person in false light, or disclosure of private facts.
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| invasive procedure | requires penetrating intact skin or mucous membranes
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| ischemia | inadequate flow of blood to the heart, leading to angina pectoris and, if untx to myocardial infarction
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| jejunum | secion of the small intestine between the duodeunum and ileum
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| ketonuria | formation or excretion of ketones in the urine
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| kinesics | systemic study of the body and the use of its static and dynamic position as a means of communication
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| lancet | a sterile, disposable sharp-pointed instrument used to pierce the skin to obtain droplets of blood used for testing.
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| lateral | toward the side
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| leukocyte | white blood cell or corpuscle (WBC)
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| libel | written statement falsifying facts about someone that causes harm to that persons reputation
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| low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) | "Bad" cholesterol
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| lumen | passageway or opening to a tubular structure such as a blood vessel, phlebotomy or hypodermic needle
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| lymph | watery fluid in the lymphatic vessels
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| lymphocyte | type of white blood cell; makes up less than 1% of the circulating blood cells
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| malpractice | misconduct or unprofessional tx by someon in a prof. or official position
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| market value | what a product (you) is worth to the consumer (employer); characteristics and skills that are valuable in the employment market
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| mastication | process of chewing
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