Pharmacology
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| epilepsy | When groups of neurons (nerve cells in the brain) spontaneously begin to send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled (electrical storm) way.
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| Grand mal seizures are characterized by: | LOC (loss of consciousness), tonic-clonic seizures, tongue biting, incontinence
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| tonic-clonic seizures | violent rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles
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| Petit mal seizures are characterized by: | disorientation, facial twitching
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| Petit mal seizures are AKA | absence seizures
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| Absense seizures are more common in: | children
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| Narcolepsy is a type of absence seizure characterized by an | unexpected sudden LOC
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| Aura | a warning sign/symptom of an impending seizure
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| postictal period | 5-30 minute time period just after a seizure where the victim is confused
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| Medications used to treat seizures are called | antiseizure meds, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants
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| Antiseizure meds include: | Dilantin (phenyton), Luminal (phenobarbital), Lamictal, Keppra, Topamax
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| Use of Topamax during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects such as | cleft labia and/or palate
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| Status epilepticus | exteme seizure activity
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| Meds to treat status epilepticus: | diazepam AKA Valium or Diastat
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| Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by | an irreversible and progressive loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex.
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| Manifestations include progressive difficulty with | memory, judgment, and reasoning that eventually progresses to dementia.
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| Drugs to treat AD: | Aricept, Exelon, Namenda
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| Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by: | Shaking tremors, Muscle rigidity, Bradykinesia (slowness of movement), Mask-like facial expression, Drooling, Shuffling gait progressing to a loss of ability to ambulate
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| dopamine | A neurotransmitter in the brain that causes PD
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| Drugs to treat PD include: | carbidopa + levodopa AKA Duodopa, Parcopa, Sinemet; Requip, Mirapex
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| Mirapex also treats: | restless leg syndrome (RLS)
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| hypnotics | meds to treat insomnia
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| hypnotics include: | Ambien, Lunesta, Rozerem, Restoril AKA temazepam, Dalmane AKA flurazepam
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| OTC hypnotics include: | Nytol, Sominex. These drugs contain diphenhydramine AKA Benadryl
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| Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is also classified as an: | antihistamine
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| A common side effect of antihistamines is: | drowsiness
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| A neurosis is characterized by: | anxiety, anxiousness, and tension at a more intense level than normal
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| Anxiety can be associated with phobias such as: | Acrophobia (fear of heights), Arachnophobia (fear of spiders), Ophidiophobia (fear of snakes), Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces),Claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces)
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| Medications used to treat neuroses are called: | sedatives, antianxiety drugs, minor tranquilizers
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| Sedatives include: | Xanax AKA alprazolam, Librium AKA chlordiazepoxide, Tranxene, Valium AKA diazepam, Ativan AKA lorazepam
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| Sedatives can lose effectiveness if combined with: | caffeine
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| Psychosis is characterized by | losing touch with reality and can result in illusions, delusions, and hallucinations
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| An illusion is a: | false interpretation of a sensory stimulus
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| A delusion is a: | A false belief
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| A hallucination is a: | sensory perception that is not caused by an external stimulus
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| Medications used to treat psychoses are called: | major tranquilizers, antipsychotics, neuroleptics
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| Antipsychotics include: | Thorazine AKA clorpromazine, Seroquel, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, haloperidol AKA Haldol, catapres AKA clonidine
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| Tourette's syndrome: | involuntary body movements and vocal outbursts
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| MDD | major depressive disorder AKA clinical depression
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| Meds to treat MDD: | antidepressants: Lexapro, Effexor, Cymbalta, Prozac, Paxil, Abilify, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, Pristiq
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| ASD | atrial septal defect
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| VSD | ventricular septal defect
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| PPHN | peripheral pulmonary hypertension of the neonate
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| SB | spina bifida
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| The interaction of Pristiq with NSAIDs or anticoagulants can cause: | bleeding tendencies
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| The interaction of Pristiq with antimigraine medication can cause: | sudden death
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| Side effects of Pristiq: | HTN, hypercholesterolemia, increased IOP
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| Depression has been linked to a deficiency of : | omega 3 fatty acids
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| Manic-depressive illness (MDI) is characterized by: | cyclic extreme mood swings between two opposite poles of emotion
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| MDI AKA | BMD bipolar mental disorder
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| Meds to treat BMD: | Lithobid AKA lithium, Seroquel, Thorazine AKA chlorpromazine, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Topamax
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| ADHD | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity
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| Meds to treat ADHD: | Focalin, Catapres, Ritalin or Concerta AKA methylphenidate, Adderall
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| Antabuse: | med to treat alcoholism
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| Mixing alcohol and Anatbuse will cause: | cephalagia, vertigo, and N+V
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| analgesics are also classified as: | narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics
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| euphoria | state of well being caused by narcotics
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| Narcotic analgesics include: | Stadol, codeine, Dilaudid, meperidine AKA Demerol, MS Contin or Roxanol AKA morphine sulfate, Nubain, OxyCotin, Talwin
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| Non narcotic analgesics: | APAP (non narcotic and antipyretic), ASA (Anacin, Ecotrin, Emprin)
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| Bleeding problems can occur if acetaminophen is combined with: | Gingko biloba
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| The classifications for ASA are: | anticoagulant, non narcotic analgesic, NSAID and antipyretic
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| Buffered ASA: | Alka-Seltzer, Ascriptin, Bayer, Bufferin
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| Buffers include: | Al (aluminum), MG (magnesium), Ca (calcium), NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)
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| ASA, APAP, diphenhydramine and caffeine combination drugs include: | Anacin Max strength (ASA caffeine), Bayer PM (ASA diphenhydramine), Vanquish (ASA APAP caffeine), Excedrin (ASA, APAP caffiene)
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| Combination narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics include:: | Empirin 3 (ASA codeine), Percodan/Roxiprin (ASA oxycodone), Percocet, Roxilox, Roxicet, Tylox, Endocet (oxycodone APAP) Tylenol 3, Vicodin (APAP hydrocodone)
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| Narcotic and non-narcotic medications are commonly combined to produce a: | synergistic effect
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| NSAIDS include: | Ansaid, Indocin AKA indomethacin, Naprosyn/Aleve AKA naproxen, Feldene, Clinoril, Celebrex, Advil+Motrin AKA ibprofen
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| The classifications for Advil + Motrin (ibuprofen) include: | antipyretic, non naroctic analgesic, and NSAID
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| migraine | chronic, severe, remporal headache accompanied by N+V and photophobia
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| Meds to treat migraines: | Imitrex, atenolol AKA Tenormin, metoprolol AKA Lopressor/Toprol, nadolol AKA Corgard, Inderal AKA propranolol, Cardizem, Calan, Ergomar, Treximet, Topamax
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| general anesthesia involves: | LOC
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| local anesthesia invlolves: | small area of skin and adjacent tissue
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| regional antesthesia: | nerve block
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| spinal anesthesia: | subarachnoid space
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| epidural anesthesia: | epidural space
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| Anesthetics include: | Solarcaine, Xylocaine, Marcaine, Novocain, Ponticaine
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| Induction of anesthesia refers to the: | inital anesthesia that causes LOC
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| Other anesthesia is then given to place the patient in a: | coma
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| Medications used as an induction anesthetic includes: | etomidate, Pentothal
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| A neuromuscular blocker causes muscular paralysis and includes: | Anectine AKA succinylcholine (succs)
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| A preoperative medication designed to decrease airway secretions is called: | atropine
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| Dilantin | (antiseizure) phenytoin
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| Luminal | (antiseizure) phenobarbital
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| Lamictal | (antiseizure)
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| Keppra | (antiseizure)
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| Topamax | (antiseizure)(BMD/MDI)
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| Valium | (status epilepticus)(sedative) diazepam
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| Diastat | (status epilepticus) diazepam
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| Aricept | (AD)
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| Exelon | (AD)
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| Namenda | (AD)
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| Duodopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa
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| Parcopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa
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| Sinemet | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa
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| Requip | (PD)
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| Mirapex | (PD) (RLS)
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| Ambien | (hypnotic)
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| Lunesta | (hypnotic)
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| Rozerem | (hypnotic)
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| Restoril | (hypnotic) temazepam
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| Dalmane | (hypnotic) flurazepam
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| Nytol | OTC hypnotic
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| Sominex | OTC hypnotic
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| Benadryl | (antihistamine) diphenhydramine
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| Xannax | (sedative) alprazolam
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| Librium | (sedative) chlordiazepoxide
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| Tranxene | (sedative)
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| Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam
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| Thorazine | (antipsychotic) (BMD/MDI)chlorpromazine
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| Seroquel | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI)
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| Abilify | (antipsychotic)(antidepressant)(BMD/MDI)
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| Risperdal | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI)
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| Zyprexa | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI)
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| Haldol | (antipsychotic)(tourette's) haloperidol
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| Catapres | (antipsychotic)(ADHD) clonidine
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| Lexapro | (antidepressant)
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| Effexor | (antidepressant)
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| Cymbaalta | (antidepressant)
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| Prozac | (antidepressant)
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| Paxil | (antidepressant)
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| Zoloft | (antidepressant)(MDD)
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| Wellbutrin | (antidepressant) Zyban
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| Pristiq | (antidepressant)
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| Lithbid | (BMD/MDI) lithium
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| Focalin | (ADHD)
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| Ritalin | (ADHD)
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| Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate
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| Adderall | (ADHD)
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| Antabuse | alcoholism
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| Stadol | (Narcotic analgesic)
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| codeine | (Narcotic analgesic)(antitussive)
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| Dilaudid | (Narcotic analgesic)
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| Demerol | (Narcotic analgesic) meperidine
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| Ms Contin | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate
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| Roxanol | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate
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| Nubain | (Narcotic analgesic)
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| OxyContin | (Narcotic analgesic) oxycodone
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| Talwin | (Narcotic analgesic)
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| Panadol | (Narcotic analgesic)APAP
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| Ansaid | (NSAID)
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| Indocin | (NSAID) indomethacin
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| Naprosyn | (NSAID) naproxen
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| Aleve | (NSAID) naproxen
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| Imatrex | (migraines)
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| Tenormin | (migraines) atenolol
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| Toprol | (migraines) metoprolol
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| Corgard | (migraines) nadolol
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| Inderal | (migraines) propranolol
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| Cardizem | (migraines) diltiazem
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| Calan | (migraines) verpamil
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| Ergomar | (migraines) ergotamine
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| Treximet | (migraines)
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| Topamax | (migraines)
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| Solarcaine | (anesthetic)
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| Xylocaine | (anesthetic) lidocaine
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| Marcaine | (anesthetic)
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| Novocain | (anesthetic) procaine
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| Pontocaine | (anesthetic)
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| Anectine | (neuromuscular blocker) succinylcholine
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| atropine | (decreases airway secretions)
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| Anacin Max Strength | ASA + caffeine
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| Bayer PM | ASA + diphenhyrdramine
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| Vanquish | ASA + caffeine
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| Excedrine | ASA + caffeine
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| Demerol | (narcotic analgesic) meperidine
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| Clinoril | (NSAID)
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| Celebrex | (NSAID)
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| Feldene | (NSAID)
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| Thorazine | (antipsycotic) chlorpromazineTranxene
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| Tranxene | (sedative)
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| Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam
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| Empirin 3 | ASA + codeine
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| Percodan | ASA + oxycodone
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| Roxiprin | ASA + oxycodone
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| Endocet | APAP + oxycodone
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| Roxilox | APAP + oxycodone
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| Roxicet / Percocet | APAP + oxycodone
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| Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate
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| ASA | (non-narcotic analgesic) Ecotrin, Emprin, Anacin
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| Corgard | (migraines) nadolol
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| Lexapro, Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | ASD, VSD
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| Zyban (Wellbutrin) or Chantix can cause serious neuropsychiatric symptoms such as: | changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and attempted suicide.
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| Abilify can increase the risk of: | suicidal tendencies, CVA in elderly dementia patients, hyperglycemia, leukocytopenia, seizures, dysphagia, impaired judgment, and impaired motor skills.
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