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Ch 15-16,22-23
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epilepsy | When groups of neurons (nerve cells in the brain) spontaneously begin to send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled (electrical storm) way. |
| Grand mal seizures are characterized by: | LOC (loss of consciousness), tonic-clonic seizures, tongue biting, incontinence |
| tonic-clonic seizures | violent rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles |
| Petit mal seizures are characterized by: | disorientation, facial twitching |
| Petit mal seizures are AKA | absence seizures |
| Absense seizures are more common in: | children |
| Narcolepsy is a type of absence seizure characterized by an | unexpected sudden LOC |
| Aura | a warning sign/symptom of an impending seizure |
| postictal period | 5-30 minute time period just after a seizure where the victim is confused |
| Medications used to treat seizures are called | antiseizure meds, antiepileptics, anticonvulsants |
| Antiseizure meds include: | Dilantin (phenyton), Luminal (phenobarbital), Lamictal, Keppra, Topamax |
| Use of Topamax during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects such as | cleft labia and/or palate |
| Status epilepticus | exteme seizure activity |
| Meds to treat status epilepticus: | diazepam AKA Valium or Diastat |
| Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by | an irreversible and progressive loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex. |
| Manifestations include progressive difficulty with | memory, judgment, and reasoning that eventually progresses to dementia. |
| Drugs to treat AD: | Aricept, Exelon, Namenda |
| Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by: | Shaking tremors, Muscle rigidity, Bradykinesia (slowness of movement), Mask-like facial expression, Drooling, Shuffling gait progressing to a loss of ability to ambulate |
| dopamine | A neurotransmitter in the brain that causes PD |
| Drugs to treat PD include: | carbidopa + levodopa AKA Duodopa, Parcopa, Sinemet; Requip, Mirapex |
| Mirapex also treats: | restless leg syndrome (RLS) |
| hypnotics | meds to treat insomnia |
| hypnotics include: | Ambien, Lunesta, Rozerem, Restoril AKA temazepam, Dalmane AKA flurazepam |
| OTC hypnotics include: | Nytol, Sominex. These drugs contain diphenhydramine AKA Benadryl |
| Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is also classified as an: | antihistamine |
| A common side effect of antihistamines is: | drowsiness |
| A neurosis is characterized by: | anxiety, anxiousness, and tension at a more intense level than normal |
| Anxiety can be associated with phobias such as: | Acrophobia (fear of heights), Arachnophobia (fear of spiders), Ophidiophobia (fear of snakes), Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces),Claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces) |
| Medications used to treat neuroses are called: | sedatives, antianxiety drugs, minor tranquilizers |
| Sedatives include: | Xanax AKA alprazolam, Librium AKA chlordiazepoxide, Tranxene, Valium AKA diazepam, Ativan AKA lorazepam |
| Sedatives can lose effectiveness if combined with: | caffeine |
| Psychosis is characterized by | losing touch with reality and can result in illusions, delusions, and hallucinations |
| An illusion is a: | false interpretation of a sensory stimulus |
| A delusion is a: | A false belief |
| A hallucination is a: | sensory perception that is not caused by an external stimulus |
| Medications used to treat psychoses are called: | major tranquilizers, antipsychotics, neuroleptics |
| Antipsychotics include: | Thorazine AKA clorpromazine, Seroquel, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, haloperidol AKA Haldol, catapres AKA clonidine |
| Tourette's syndrome: | involuntary body movements and vocal outbursts |
| MDD | major depressive disorder AKA clinical depression |
| Meds to treat MDD: | antidepressants: Lexapro, Effexor, Cymbalta, Prozac, Paxil, Abilify, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, Pristiq |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| PPHN | peripheral pulmonary hypertension of the neonate |
| SB | spina bifida |
| The interaction of Pristiq with NSAIDs or anticoagulants can cause: | bleeding tendencies |
| The interaction of Pristiq with antimigraine medication can cause: | sudden death |
| Side effects of Pristiq: | HTN, hypercholesterolemia, increased IOP |
| Depression has been linked to a deficiency of : | omega 3 fatty acids |
| Manic-depressive illness (MDI) is characterized by: | cyclic extreme mood swings between two opposite poles of emotion |
| MDI AKA | BMD bipolar mental disorder |
| Meds to treat BMD: | Lithobid AKA lithium, Seroquel, Thorazine AKA chlorpromazine, Abilify, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Topamax |
| ADHD | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity |
| Meds to treat ADHD: | Focalin, Catapres, Ritalin or Concerta AKA methylphenidate, Adderall |
| Antabuse: | med to treat alcoholism |
| Mixing alcohol and Anatbuse will cause: | cephalagia, vertigo, and N+V |
| analgesics are also classified as: | narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics |
| euphoria | state of well being caused by narcotics |
| Narcotic analgesics include: | Stadol, codeine, Dilaudid, meperidine AKA Demerol, MS Contin or Roxanol AKA morphine sulfate, Nubain, OxyCotin, Talwin |
| Non narcotic analgesics: | APAP (non narcotic and antipyretic), ASA (Anacin, Ecotrin, Emprin) |
| Bleeding problems can occur if acetaminophen is combined with: | Gingko biloba |
| The classifications for ASA are: | anticoagulant, non narcotic analgesic, NSAID and antipyretic |
| Buffered ASA: | Alka-Seltzer, Ascriptin, Bayer, Bufferin |
| Buffers include: | Al (aluminum), MG (magnesium), Ca (calcium), NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) |
| ASA, APAP, diphenhydramine and caffeine combination drugs include: | Anacin Max strength (ASA caffeine), Bayer PM (ASA diphenhydramine), Vanquish (ASA APAP caffeine), Excedrin (ASA, APAP caffiene) |
| Combination narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics include:: | Empirin 3 (ASA codeine), Percodan/Roxiprin (ASA oxycodone), Percocet, Roxilox, Roxicet, Tylox, Endocet (oxycodone APAP) Tylenol 3, Vicodin (APAP hydrocodone) |
| Narcotic and non-narcotic medications are commonly combined to produce a: | synergistic effect |
| NSAIDS include: | Ansaid, Indocin AKA indomethacin, Naprosyn/Aleve AKA naproxen, Feldene, Clinoril, Celebrex, Advil+Motrin AKA ibprofen |
| The classifications for Advil + Motrin (ibuprofen) include: | antipyretic, non naroctic analgesic, and NSAID |
| migraine | chronic, severe, remporal headache accompanied by N+V and photophobia |
| Meds to treat migraines: | Imitrex, atenolol AKA Tenormin, metoprolol AKA Lopressor/Toprol, nadolol AKA Corgard, Inderal AKA propranolol, Cardizem, Calan, Ergomar, Treximet, Topamax |
| general anesthesia involves: | LOC |
| local anesthesia invlolves: | small area of skin and adjacent tissue |
| regional antesthesia: | nerve block |
| spinal anesthesia: | subarachnoid space |
| epidural anesthesia: | epidural space |
| Anesthetics include: | Solarcaine, Xylocaine, Marcaine, Novocain, Ponticaine |
| Induction of anesthesia refers to the: | inital anesthesia that causes LOC |
| Other anesthesia is then given to place the patient in a: | coma |
| Medications used as an induction anesthetic includes: | etomidate, Pentothal |
| A neuromuscular blocker causes muscular paralysis and includes: | Anectine AKA succinylcholine (succs) |
| A preoperative medication designed to decrease airway secretions is called: | atropine |
| Dilantin | (antiseizure) phenytoin |
| Luminal | (antiseizure) phenobarbital |
| Lamictal | (antiseizure) |
| Keppra | (antiseizure) |
| Topamax | (antiseizure)(BMD/MDI) |
| Valium | (status epilepticus)(sedative) diazepam |
| Diastat | (status epilepticus) diazepam |
| Aricept | (AD) |
| Exelon | (AD) |
| Namenda | (AD) |
| Duodopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
| Parcopa | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
| Sinemet | (PD) carbidopa + levodopa |
| Requip | (PD) |
| Mirapex | (PD) (RLS) |
| Ambien | (hypnotic) |
| Lunesta | (hypnotic) |
| Rozerem | (hypnotic) |
| Restoril | (hypnotic) temazepam |
| Dalmane | (hypnotic) flurazepam |
| Nytol | OTC hypnotic |
| Sominex | OTC hypnotic |
| Benadryl | (antihistamine) diphenhydramine |
| Xannax | (sedative) alprazolam |
| Librium | (sedative) chlordiazepoxide |
| Tranxene | (sedative) |
| Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam |
| Thorazine | (antipsychotic) (BMD/MDI)chlorpromazine |
| Seroquel | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
| Abilify | (antipsychotic)(antidepressant)(BMD/MDI) |
| Risperdal | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
| Zyprexa | (antipsychotic)(BMD/MDI) |
| Haldol | (antipsychotic)(tourette's) haloperidol |
| Catapres | (antipsychotic)(ADHD) clonidine |
| Lexapro | (antidepressant) |
| Effexor | (antidepressant) |
| Cymbaalta | (antidepressant) |
| Prozac | (antidepressant) |
| Paxil | (antidepressant) |
| Zoloft | (antidepressant)(MDD) |
| Wellbutrin | (antidepressant) Zyban |
| Pristiq | (antidepressant) |
| Lithbid | (BMD/MDI) lithium |
| Focalin | (ADHD) |
| Ritalin | (ADHD) |
| Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate |
| Adderall | (ADHD) |
| Antabuse | alcoholism |
| Stadol | (Narcotic analgesic) |
| codeine | (Narcotic analgesic)(antitussive) |
| Dilaudid | (Narcotic analgesic) |
| Demerol | (Narcotic analgesic) meperidine |
| Ms Contin | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate |
| Roxanol | (Narcotic analgesic) morphine sulfate |
| Nubain | (Narcotic analgesic) |
| OxyContin | (Narcotic analgesic) oxycodone |
| Talwin | (Narcotic analgesic) |
| Panadol | (Narcotic analgesic)APAP |
| Ansaid | (NSAID) |
| Indocin | (NSAID) indomethacin |
| Naprosyn | (NSAID) naproxen |
| Aleve | (NSAID) naproxen |
| Imatrex | (migraines) |
| Tenormin | (migraines) atenolol |
| Toprol | (migraines) metoprolol |
| Corgard | (migraines) nadolol |
| Inderal | (migraines) propranolol |
| Cardizem | (migraines) diltiazem |
| Calan | (migraines) verpamil |
| Ergomar | (migraines) ergotamine |
| Treximet | (migraines) |
| Topamax | (migraines) |
| Solarcaine | (anesthetic) |
| Xylocaine | (anesthetic) lidocaine |
| Marcaine | (anesthetic) |
| Novocain | (anesthetic) procaine |
| Pontocaine | (anesthetic) |
| Anectine | (neuromuscular blocker) succinylcholine |
| atropine | (decreases airway secretions) |
| Anacin Max Strength | ASA + caffeine |
| Bayer PM | ASA + diphenhyrdramine |
| Vanquish | ASA + caffeine |
| Excedrine | ASA + caffeine |
| Demerol | (narcotic analgesic) meperidine |
| Clinoril | (NSAID) |
| Celebrex | (NSAID) |
| Feldene | (NSAID) |
| Thorazine | (antipsycotic) chlorpromazineTranxene |
| Tranxene | (sedative) |
| Ativan | (sedative) lorazepam |
| Empirin 3 | ASA + codeine |
| Percodan | ASA + oxycodone |
| Roxiprin | ASA + oxycodone |
| Endocet | APAP + oxycodone |
| Roxilox | APAP + oxycodone |
| Roxicet / Percocet | APAP + oxycodone |
| Concerta | (ADHD) methylphenidate |
| ASA | (non-narcotic analgesic) Ecotrin, Emprin, Anacin |
| Corgard | (migraines) nadolol |
| Lexapro, Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | ASD, VSD |
| Zyban (Wellbutrin) or Chantix can cause serious neuropsychiatric symptoms such as: | changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and attempted suicide. |
| Abilify can increase the risk of: | suicidal tendencies, CVA in elderly dementia patients, hyperglycemia, leukocytopenia, seizures, dysphagia, impaired judgment, and impaired motor skills. |
Created by:
RBarnes86
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