Skeletal System IV: Articulations (Joints)
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| Joints/articulations are | show 🗑
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| joints are the ...part of the skeleton | show 🗑
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| show | shapes of articulating surfaces, ligaments, tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint
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| classification based on function | show 🗑
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| arthrosis = | show 🗑
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| show | allow no movement
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| show | slight or limited movement
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| show | free movement
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| show | fibrous/cartilaginous/bony fusion/synovial joints
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| show | connected by fibrous DICT
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| what does not exist in fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| show | synarthroses
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| suture (short fibers) | show 🗑
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| what does not exist in fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| show | completely fused later in life
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| show | long fibers
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| show | amphiarthrotic or synarthrotic
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| show | suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis
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| amphiarthrosis example | show 🗑
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| show | joint cavity
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| sutures are the edges of bones that | show 🗑
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| show | synarthotic, ex: periodontal ligaments (tooth in socket)
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| cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
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| show | fibrocartilage (amphiarthrosis)
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| what does not exist in cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
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| most cartilaginous joints are | show 🗑
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| show | rigid, immovable joints (synarthrotic)
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| show | synchondrosis and symphysis
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| synchondrosis | show 🗑
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| show | epiphyseal plate, first rib-to-sternum
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| show | articular cartilage
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| synarthrosis example | show 🗑
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| synovial joints can be either | show 🗑
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| show | most common and contain two articulating surfaces
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| compound synovial joints contain | show 🗑
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| general structures of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| articular cartilage (synovial joint) | show 🗑
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| show | potential space that holds synovial fluid
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| show | 2 layered capsul enclosing joint cavity
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| example of symphysis | show 🗑
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| inner layer of synovial membrane covers all | show 🗑
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| show | producing synovial fluid
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| show | joint cavity
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| show | synostosis: ex - portions of skull, along the frontal suture, epiphyseal lines
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| show | ease movement of joint
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| reinforcing ligaments are | show 🗑
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| show | internal to the capsule
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| bony fusion is between | show 🗑
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| nerves and vessels supply extensive | show 🗑
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| articular disc | show 🗑
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| show | internally from the capsule and completely or partially divides the joint cavity into 2
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| show | fluid containing joint cavities
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| show | articular cartilage
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| all synovial joints are | show 🗑
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| show | synostosis: ex - portions of skull, along the frontal suture, epiphyseal lines
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| where are bursae or tendon sheaths found | show 🗑
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| bursae are flattened | show 🗑
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| show | ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones overlie each other and rub together
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| tendon sheath are elongated | show 🗑
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| most joints of the body, esp those in the limbs are | show 🗑
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| tendon sheath occurs only | show 🗑
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| show | most common and contain two articulating surfaces
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| show | bone surface across another (carpals, tarsals, flat articular processes of vertebrae)
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| show | DICT...continous with the preiosteum of the bone
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| inner layer of synovial membrane is made of...and lines... | show 🗑
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| show | increase angle
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| show | within the articular cartilages
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| circumduction | show 🗑
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| show | band-like ligaments (intrisnic or capsular) that form the thickened parts of fibrous capsule
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| show | supination/pronation, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, inversion/eversion, protraction/retraction, elevation/depression, oppostion
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| show | joint stretching (stretch receptors)
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| there are some... | show 🗑
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| articular discs occur in joints whose | show 🗑
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| articular discs function in | show 🗑
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| show | knee joint = meniscus
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| show | decrease friction
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| synovial fluid is... | show 🗑
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| show | cartilage-covered bone ends glide on a slippery film of synovial fluid squeezed out of articular cartilages
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| extracapsular ligaments are located | show 🗑
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| show | bursae that wraps around a tendon
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| most nerves and vessels of synovial joints monitor | show 🗑
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| tendon sheath occurs only | show 🗑
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| articular discs function in | show 🗑
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| show | contracting muscles produce bone movements at synovial joints (gliding, angular movements)
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| flexion | show 🗑
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| show | increase angle
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| abduction | show 🗑
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| an example of articular discs can be found in the | show 🗑
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| show | movement toward body midline
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| rotation | show 🗑
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| show | synovial joints; but they contain synovial fluid and are often associated with synovial joints
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| special movements of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| show | ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones overlie each other and rub together
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| nerves and vessels supply extensive | show 🗑
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| meniscus is in certain synovial joints that extend | show 🗑
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| where are bursae or tendon sheaths found | show 🗑
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| show | bursae that wraps around a tendon
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| bursa occurs where | show 🗑
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| show | flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation
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| synovial joint movements | show 🗑
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| show | bending beyond straight position
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| show | contracting muscles produce bone movements at synovial joints (gliding, angular movements)
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| special movements of synovial joints include | show 🗑
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| circumduction | show 🗑
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| show | turning medially/forward
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| show | radius around ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint
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| dorsiflexion vs plantar flexion | show 🗑
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| inversion vs eversion | show 🗑
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| show | non-angular movements in the anterior and posterior directions
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| show | lifting superiorly vs moving elevated part inferior (jaw)
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| opposition | show 🗑
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| synovial joints are classified by shape (6 subtypes) | show 🗑
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| show | intercarpal/intertarsal joins and joints between articular process of vertebrae
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| show | flat planes
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| show | short gliding movements
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| show | elbow, ankle, joints between phalanges of fingers
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| show | into a trough shaped surface on another bone
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| show | angular (door on hinge)
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| show | proximal radioulnar joint, articulation between C1 and C2 vertbrae
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| show | a ring formed by another bone plus an encircling ligament
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| pivot joints: rotating bone can | show 🗑
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| show | wrist and knuckle (intercarpophalangeal joints)
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| condyloid joints: egg shaped articular surface of one bone fits | show 🗑
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| show | travel side by side, back and forth, but the bone cannot rotate around its own long axis
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| saddle joint (biaxial) ex: | show 🗑
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| saddle joint: each articular surface has | show 🗑
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| saddle joint: allows the same | show 🗑
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| ball-and-socket (multiaxial) ex: | show 🗑
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| ball and socket: spherical head of one bone fits | show 🗑
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| show | in all axes, including rotation
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| show | uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial, translational/nonaxial
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| uniaxial | show 🗑
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| biaxial | show 🗑
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| multiaxial | show 🗑
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| show | short gliding movements only
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| show | knee: complex of many types of joints
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| the knee is compound and bicondyloid joint because | show 🗑
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| the knee primarily acts as a | show 🗑
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| show | patella and the distal/inferior end of the femur
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| plane joint of knee allows | show 🗑
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| synovial cavity of knee has a | show 🗑
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| show | burase
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| show | subcutaneous prepatellar, suprapatellar, deep infrapatellar
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| c-shaped menisci is made of...occur within... | show 🗑
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| show | externally to the tibial condyles
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| show | distribution of synovial fluid and of compression stress
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| both menisci stabilize the joint by | show 🗑
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| show | side to side rocking of the femur on the tibia
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| articular capsule encloses the | show 🗑
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| show | absent
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| anterior aspect of the knee joint is covered | show 🗑
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| 3 broad ligaments | show 🗑
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| tendons of many muscles in the knee... | show 🗑
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| show | quadriceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles
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| show | reinforced by several capsular and extracapsular ligaments all of which become taut when the knee is extended to prevent hyperextension of the leg at the knee
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| two extracapsular ligaments are located on the lateral and medial sides of the joint capsule | show 🗑
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| show | lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
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| show | medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia
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| show | leg extension and hyperextension, also prevent lateral and medial movement of the leg at the knee
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| show | cruciate ligaments...corss eachother and run from the tibia to the femur...the knee joint
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| Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) | show 🗑
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| show | arises from posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and passes anteriorly to attach to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur
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| show | restraining staps to prevent slipping movements at the knee joint
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| show | anterior sliding of the tibia
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| show | anterior sliding of the femur or backward displacement of the tibia
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| show | lock the knee when it extends
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