Integumentary System and its Functions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The integumentary system includes structures that we can see. What are they? | Skin, hair, and nails.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the structures that we cannot see that are included with the integumentary system? | Sweat glands, sensory receptors and subcutaneous tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| The integumentary system covers the body and is a barrier between the external and internal? | Environment of the body
🗑
|
||||
| The skin is made of several different tissue types and is considered a what? | An organ
🗑
|
||||
| The two major layers of the skin are? | The Epidermis and the dermis
🗑
|
||||
| Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelial tissue is which layer of the skin? | Epidermis
🗑
|
||||
| The epidermis is thickest on what parts of the body? | Palms of the hands and soles of the feet
🗑
|
||||
| The cells of the epidermis that are most abundant are the? | Keratinocytes
🗑
|
||||
| The innermost layer of the epidermis is the? | Stratum germinativum
🗑
|
||||
| The outermost layer of the epidermis is the? | Stratum corneum
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for stratum germinativum? | Stratum basale
🗑
|
||||
| To germinate means to what? | Sprout or grow
🗑
|
||||
| Basal means the what? | Base or lowest part
🗑
|
||||
| The innermost layer of the epidermis is where what takes place? | Mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| New cells are continually being produced pushing the older ones toward what? | The surface
🗑
|
||||
| These new cells are producing what protein? | Keratin
🗑
|
||||
| As the cells get farther away from the capillaries in the dermis they do what? | They die
🗑
|
||||
| As the dead cells are worn off the surface they are replaced with cells from where? | Lower layers
🗑
|
||||
| Receptors for the sense of touch are called? | Merkel cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for merkel cells? | Merkel discs
🗑
|
||||
| Keratinocytes synthesize antimicrobial peptides called what? | Defensins
🗑
|
||||
| Defensins and other chemicals are produced following a what? | Injury to the skin
🗑
|
||||
| Cholesterol when exposed to UV light is changed to what vitamin? | Vitamin D
🗑
|
||||
| What is the best way to get Vitamin D? | Through sunlight exposure
🗑
|
||||
| Vitamin D is important for the absorption of what? | Calcium and Phosphorus
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium and phosphorus is absorbed through what area of the body? | From food through the small intestine
🗑
|
||||
| The outermost layer that consists of many layers of dead cells is called? | Stratum corneum
🗑
|
||||
| What protein is left in the dead cells in the stratum corneum? | Keratin
🗑
|
||||
| What layer of the skin is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals? | Stratum corneum
🗑
|
||||
| The flaking of dead cells from the skin surface helps remove what? | Microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| The fatty acids in what help inhibit the growth of microorganisms? | Sebum
🗑
|
||||
| When layers of the epidermis or epidermis and dermis are separated and tissue fluid collects what is this called? | A blister
🗑
|
||||
| When the rate of mitosis in the stratum germinativum increases and creates a thicker epidermis what is this called? | A callus
🗑
|
||||
| Where are calluses more commonly found? | Palms and Soles of feet
🗑
|
||||
| The cells that originate in the red bone marrow and are quite mobile are called? | Langerhans cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for Langerhans cells? | Dendritic cells
🗑
|
||||
| Langerhans cells migrate pathogens to lymph nodes and present the pathogen to what for destruction? | Lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| The production of antibodies is called what? | An immune response
🗑
|
||||
| Antibodies are proteins that label foreign material for what? | Destruction
🗑
|
||||
| The skin an important component of the body's what? | Protective responses
🗑
|
||||
| A cell found in the lower epidermis is called? | Melanocytes
🗑
|
||||
| The melanocytes produce a pigment called what? | Melanin
🗑
|
||||
| Melanin production is increased by exposure of the skin to what? | Ultraviolet rays
🗑
|
||||
| Ultraviolet rays are damaging to what type of cells? | Living cells
🗑
|
||||
| As melanin is produced it is taken in by what type of cells? | Epidermal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Light skin does not have a natural what to UV light? | Barrier
🗑
|
||||
| Melanin also gives color to what? | The hair on the head and two parts of the eye
🗑
|
||||
| The what is made up of an irregular type of fibrous connective tissue? | Dermis
🗑
|
||||
| Irregular fibrous connective tissue means that the fibers are not? | Parallel, but run in all directions
🗑
|
||||
| Fibroblasts produce what? | collagen and elastin fibers
🗑
|
||||
| Collagen fibers are? | Strong
🗑
|
||||
| Elastin fibers are? | Able to recoil after being stretched
🗑
|
||||
| Strength and elasticity are two characteristics of the? | Dermis
🗑
|
||||
| The uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis is called the what? | Papillary layer
🗑
|
||||
| What are abundant in the papillary layer to nourish the dermis and stratum germinativum? | Capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| Because the epidermis has no capillaries those cells depend on the blood supply from the dermis for what? | Oxygen and nutrients
🗑
|
||||
| Within the dermis are the accessory skin structures what are these? | The hair and nail follicles, sensory receptors and several types of glands
🗑
|
||||
| Hair follicles are made of what type of tissue? | Epidermal tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What is at the base of the hair follicle? | Hair root
🗑
|
||||
| The hair root contains what cells? | Matrix
🗑
|
||||
| In the matrix of the hair is where what takes place? | Mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| New cells of the hair produce what protein? | Keratin
🗑
|
||||
| The hair gets its color from what? | Melanin
🗑
|
||||
| When the cells of the hair die they become part of what? | The hair shaft
🗑
|
||||
| Eyelashes and Eyebrows help to keep what out? | Dust and sweat
🗑
|
||||
| The hair on the head provides what from the cold? | Insulation
🗑
|
||||
| Attached to each hair follicle on the body is a small smooth muscle called a? | Pilomotor
🗑
|
||||
| Another name for the Pilomotor muscle is | Arrector Pili muscle
🗑
|
||||
| The Pilomotor muscle will do what with the hair follicle on your body when stimulated by cold or emotions? | Pull the hair follicles upright
🗑
|
||||
| What follicle is found on the end of fingers and toes? | Nail follicles
🗑
|
||||
| What takes place in the nail root at the base of the nail? | Mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| A stronger form of a protein than found in hair is produced in the nail cells what is this called? | Keratin
🗑
|
||||
| The nail itself consists of what? | Keratinized dead cells
🗑
|
||||
| The flat nail bed is living what? | Epidermis and dermis
🗑
|
||||
| Nails protects the ends of the fingers and toes from what? | Mechanical injury
🗑
|
||||
| Most sensory receptors for the cutaneous senses are found in the? | Dermis
🗑
|
||||
| The cutaneous senses are? | Touch, pressure, heat, cold, itch, and pain
🗑
|
||||
| For heat, cold, itch and pain the receptors are? | Free nerve endings
🗑
|
||||
| For touch and pressure the receptors are? | Encapsulated nerve endings
🗑
|
||||
| Encapsulated nerve endings means that there is a cellular structure around the what? | Sensory nerve ending
🗑
|
||||
| What is the purpose of these receptors and sensations? | Provide the central nervous system with information about the external environment and its effect on the skin
🗑
|
||||
| The sensitivity of an area of skin is determined how? | By how many receptors are present
🗑
|
||||
| When receptors detect changes they generate nerve impulses that are carried to? | The brain
🗑
|
||||
| The brain interprets the impulses as a what? | Particular sensation
🗑
|
||||
| The ducts of sebaceous glands open into what? | Hair follicles and the skin surface
🗑
|
||||
| The secretion of the sebaceous glands is? | Sebum
🗑
|
||||
| Sebum is commonly referred to as what? | Oil
🗑
|
||||
| Sebum inhibits the growth of what on the skin? | Bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| Another function of sebum is to prevent what? | The drying of skin and hair
🗑
|
||||
| Ceruminous glands are found in the dermis of the what? | Ear canal
🗑
|
||||
| The secretion of the ceruminous glands is called what? | Cerumen
🗑
|
||||
| Another name for cerumen is? | Ear wax
🗑
|
||||
| Cerumen keeps the outer surface of the eardrum what? | Pliable and prevents drying
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two types of sweat glands? | Apocrine and Eccrine
🗑
|
||||
| These glands are most active in stressful and emotional situations which are they? | Apocrine glands
🗑
|
||||
| These glands are found all over the body and is most active during exercise or in a warm environment which are they? | Eccrine glands
🗑
|
||||
| The loss of to much body water in sweat may lead to what? | Dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Small arteries that have smooth muscle that allows them to constrict or dilate are called what? | Arterioles
🗑
|
||||
| Arterioles are important in the maintenance of body temperature because blood carries heat which is a form of what? | Energy
🗑
|
||||
| In a warm environment the arterioles will dilate this is called what? | Vasodilation
🗑
|
||||
| Vasodilation increases what? | Blood flow
🗑
|
||||
| In a cold environment the areterioles will constrict this is called what? | Vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| Vasoconstriction decreases what? | Blood flow
🗑
|
||||
| Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction is essential for maintaining what? | Homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| When blood flow in the dermis may be interrupted by prolonged pressure on the skin is called what? | Decubitus ulcer
🗑
|
||||
| Another name for dububitus ulcer is a? | Pressure sore
🗑
|
||||
| Without the blood supply to the skin what will happen to it after a prolonged amount of time? | The skin will die
🗑
|
||||
| When the skin dies it is a potential site for a what? | Bacterial infection
🗑
|
||||
| Subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia connects what to what? | The dermis to the underlying muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Superficial fascia is made of what tissues? | Areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What cells produce histamine, leukotrienes, and other chemicals that help bring about inflammation? | Mast cells
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ShanellStock
Popular Anatomy sets