Vessels
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show | arteries, capillaries, veins
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___ carry blood away from the heart and become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in ___. | show 🗑
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show | Veins, larger
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show | one
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Functional end arteries’ anastomosis is so tiny that they can be considered ___ ___. | show 🗑
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show | Companion
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show | tunics
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show | tunic externa
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show | elastic, collagen, blood supply, vasa vasorum
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show | tunica media
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The inner tunic is the ___ ___. | show 🗑
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The tunic media is comprised of circularly arranged ___ muscle; sympathetic input causes this smooth muscle to ___ resulting in___; parasympathetic input results in ___. | show 🗑
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show | simple squamous epithelium, areolar connective tissue
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In an artery, the thickest layer is the ___ ___. The ___ and ___ fibers prevent them from collapsing. | show 🗑
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show | tunica externa, collapse
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show | tunica intima, gas exchange
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The dural venous sinus system consists of the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses, the ___ sinus, the left and right ___ sinuses, and the left and right ___ sinuses. | show 🗑
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Most of the venous blood of the cranium drains though the ___ ___ ___. | show 🗑
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The dural venous sinuses are formed between two layers of ___ ___. | show 🗑
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There are no ___ in the dural venous system; blood flow is NOT unidirectional. | show 🗑
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___ circulation consists of arteries and veins that travel to and from all parts of the body except the lungs. | show 🗑
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show | elastin, muscular, arterioles
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Arterioles command how much blood gets to tissue. They ___ and ___ and ___. | show 🗑
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The internal carotid arteries enter the cranium through the ___ ___. | show 🗑
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show | anterior, middle cerebral, opthamalic
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show | conducting
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Elastic arteries are the ___ of the arteries. | show 🗑
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Most examples of elastic arteries are near the ___. | show 🗑
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show | elastic fibers
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Elastic arteries branch into ___ arteries. | show 🗑
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___ are the smallest arteries. | show 🗑
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show | tunica media
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show | three, endothelium
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Sympathetic innervation to the muscle fiber cells of the tunica media causes ___ resulting in elevation of blood pressure. | show 🗑
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show | vasodilation
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show | head, neck
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At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, the ___ ___ arteries divide into internal and external carotid arteries. | show 🗑
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show | inferior vena cava
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show | superior vena cava
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show | venules
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show | muscular arteries
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show | elastic arteries
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show | valves
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show | intima
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show | skeletal muscle pump
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show | capillaries
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Pressure in veins is much higher or lower than in arteries? | show 🗑
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At rest, the body’s veins hold about ____% of the body’s blood. Thus, veins function as blood ____. | show 🗑
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show | Venules
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Venules are companion vessels with ____. | show 🗑
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show | postcapillary venules
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show | postcapillary venules
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show | veins
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The facial, superficial temporal and maxillary veins ____. | show 🗑
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show | external jugular
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show | subclavian, brachiocephalic
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Branches from the metarteriole that begin with a ring of smooth muscle on their walls are called ___ ___. | show 🗑
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The ____ ____ control blood flow into true capillaries. They open when the tissue needs nutrients and closes when needs have been met. They undergo ____. | show 🗑
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Vertebral arteries branch from the ____ ____ and travel through the transverse foramina of the ____ vertebrae. | show 🗑
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The vertebral arteries enter the cranium through the foramen magnum where they merge to form the ____ artery. | show 🗑
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show | cerebral arterial circle, circle of Willis
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show | ventricular systole, contraction
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Diastolic pressure is pressure during ____ ____. Pressure is highest in the arteries nearest to the ____. | show 🗑
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The aortic arch gives off three branches: the ____ ____, (which bifurcates into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries) the left ____ ____ artery, and the left ____ artery. | show 🗑
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show | thyroid, larynx, neck
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show | pharynx
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The lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the ____. | show 🗑
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show | face
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The ____ artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the posterior portion of the scalp. | show 🗑
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The ____ ____ artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the ear and scalp around it. | show 🗑
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show | superficial temporal
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The ____ ____ aorta follows the aortic arch and gives off several branches to the thoracic wall. | show 🗑
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The descending thoracic aorta is renamed ____ ____ aorta when it passes inferior and posterior to the diaphragm. | show 🗑
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show | common iliac
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Common iliac veins further divide into internal and external ____ ____. | show 🗑
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show | large
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Blood pressure is the force per unit area that blood gives the wall measured in ____. | show 🗑
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____ ____ artery arises from subclavian artery and supplies the mammary gland and anterior thoracic wall | show 🗑
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show | anterior intercostal, superior epigastric
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____ ____ artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies the inferior abdominal wall and forms anastamosis with the superior epigastric artery | show 🗑
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____ and ____ ____ on the left side of the vertebrae drain left side veins | show 🗑
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____ vein drains blood from the right side veins and receives blood from the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins. | show 🗑
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blood from the azygos vein drains into the ____ ____ ____ | show 🗑
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the lungs are supplied by several ____ arteries that branch from the ____ ____ _____. | show 🗑
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the esophagus is supplied by ____ arteries that branch from ____ ____ ____. | show 🗑
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what are the three sources and where do they branch from that supply the diaphragm? | show 🗑
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show | phrenic nerve
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show | brachiocephalic trunk which bifurcates into right common carotid and supplies the r side of the head and neck
right subclavian artery- r upper limb and some thoracic structure
left common carotid artery-the left upper limb and some thoracic structure
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show | common carotid, vertebral
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how many unpaired arteries emerge from the anterior wall of the descending abdominal aorta | show 🗑
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show | celiac trunk - stomach pancreas liver and spleen
superior mesenteric artery - small intestine
inferior mesenteric artery - large intestine, colon, rectum and anus
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show | left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
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left ____ artery supplies lesser curvature of stomach and lower esophogus | show 🗑
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show | splenic
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show | common hepatic
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show | 1. inferior pancreaticduodenal artery - pancreas and duodenum
2. intestinal artery(18-20) jejunum and ileum
3. ileocolic artery ileum cecum appendix
4. right colic artery ascending colon
5. middle colic artery transverse colon
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what are the three branches of the inferior mesenteric artery and what do they supply? | show 🗑
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veins that drain blood from the gi organs and shunt blood to the liver: ____ ____ system | show 🗑
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show | hepatic portal
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show | 1. inferior mesenteric vein - distal part of colon
2. splenic vein - spleen, pancreas and stomach
3. superior mesenteric vein- small intestines, proximal part of colon, pancreas and sotmach
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____ veins collect blood from the liver and return it to inferior vena cava | show 🗑
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show | 1. middle suprarenal artery- adrenal gland
2. renal artery - kidney
3. gonadal artery (testicular or ovarian artery) - gonads
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show | internal iliac
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5 branches of the internal iliac artery and what they supply. | show 🗑
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show | gastric, splenic, common hepatic
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The hepatic portal system is network of veins that drain blood from gi system and shunts it the liver. Its main function is to drain ____ from liver. | show 🗑
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show | mesenteric, splenic, superior mesenteric
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left and right ____ arteries supply blood to the upper limbs | show 🗑
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show | axillary
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____ artery supplies the shoulder and thoracic region | show 🗑
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as the axillary artery passes over the inferior border of the teres major it becomes ____ artery. | show 🗑
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in the cubital fossa the brachial artery bifurcates into ____ and ____ arteries | show 🗑
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show | palmer arches
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show | digital
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show | anastamosis, radial
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show | dorsal venous, basilic, cephalic
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show | median cubital
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show | palmer venous arches, radial, ulnar
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show | brachial
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show | axillary
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when the axillary vein crosses superior to the lateral border of the first rib it becomes the ____ vein | show 🗑
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the left and right ____ ____ arteries supply the lower limb | show 🗑
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show | femoral, femoral
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____ ____ artery supplies the hip joint via medial and lateral circumflex arteries | show 🗑
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show | popliteal
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popliteal artery divides into anterior and posterior ____ arteries that supply the anterior and posterior compartment of the leg | show 🗑
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the posterior tibial artery gives off a branch called _____ artery and supplies the lateral compartment of leg | show 🗑
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the posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral ____ arteries in the foot | show 🗑
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the anterior tibial artery changes to ____ ____ artery at the anterior surface of the ankle | show 🗑
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the dorsalis pedis artery and lateral plantar artery unite to form ____ ____ | show 🗑
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show | digital
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show | dorsal venous, great saphenous, small saphenous
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The great saphenous vein drains into _____ vein and the small saphenous vein drains into ____ vein. | show 🗑
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deep and digital veins of the foot drain into pairs of ____ and ____ plantar veins | show 🗑
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show | posterior tibial
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on the dorsum of foot and ankle deep veins drain into a pair of ____ ____ veins | show 🗑
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show | popliteal
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the poplitel vein curves onto the anterior thigh and becomes the ____ vein | show 🗑
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once the femoral vein passes superior to the inguinal ligament it becomes ____ ____ vein | show 🗑
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show | common iliac
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the left and right common iliac vein merge to form the ____ ____ ____ | show 🗑
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what are the superficial veins that drain the upper limb? ____ and cephalic vein | show 🗑
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____ circulation is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs and returning oxygenated blood to left side of heart | show 🗑
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Which circulation, pulmonary or systemic, has arteries that carry deoxygenated blood and veins that carry oxygenated blood? | show 🗑
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deoxygenated blood exits the right ventricle into the ____ ____ which bifurcates into right and left _____ arteries that go to the lungs | show 🗑
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show | pulmonary
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show | deoxygenated blood, gas exchange
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oxygenated blood leaves the ____ ____ of the heart and travels through the aorta | show 🗑
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show | 1 vein 2 arteries
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Gas and nutrient exchange occurs in the ____ during fetal circulation. | show 🗑
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show | continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid
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Continuous capillaries, the most common, are made up of endothelial cells from a continuous and complete lining (no physical holes) aided by the presence of tight junctions. Materials pass through by ____ ____ or ____. | show 🗑
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Continuous capillaries are found in ____, skin, ____, ____ and CNS. | show 🗑
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Fenestrated capillaries are made up of endothelial cells that possess small “holes” to allow fluid exchange between blood and ____ ____. Their basement membrane is ____. | show 🗑
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Fenestrated capillaries are found in the ____ ____ of the eye, ____ glands (for hormone transport) and ____ (to filter ALL blood). | show 🗑
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____ capillaries have big gaps between endothelial cells that promote transportation of large molecules and cells to and from the blood. Their basement membrane is discontinuous or absent. | show 🗑
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show | anterior, parathyroid, adrenal, spleen
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Capillaries form capillary beds. These beds ____ surface area to ____ blood flow allowing more time for exchange. | show 🗑
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show | metarteriole, thoroughfare channel
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thoroughfare channel connects to a ____ ____ | show 🗑
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show | capillaries
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The diameter of capillaries is only slightly larger than a/an ____. | show 🗑
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show | intima
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____ are the only type of blood vessel where metabolic exchange can occur between blood and cells outside of the bloodstream. | show 🗑
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Oxygenated blood is pumped out of left ventricle into ascending aorta; the ascending aorta gives off two branches: the left and right ____ artery | show 🗑
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show | media, vasoconstrict, vasodilate
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____ arteries are medium diameter arteries and are called distributing arteries. | show 🗑
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show | Muscular, elastic lamina, external elastic lamina
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