Endocrine System
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| acromegaly | chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty
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| adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary gland
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| adrenocortical | pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland
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| androgen | steroid hormone, increases male characteristics
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| cortex | pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure
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| cretinism | congenital condition. characterized by dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin, and large tongue
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| diabetes, insipidus | metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia & polyuria
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| diabetes mellitus | disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin
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| endocrine gland | ductless gland that produces a chemical substance called a hormone, secreted directly into the bloodstream
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| endocrinologist | physician who specialized in the medical practice of treating the disease and disorders of the endocrine system
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| endocrinology | field of medicine that deals with the study of the endocrine system
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| estrogen | female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics
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| euthyroid | pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland
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| exophthalmia | abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs
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| glucagon | hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
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| glucogenesis | formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates
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| glucose | simplest form of sugar in the body
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| glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed
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| glycosuria | presence of sugar in the urine
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| graves disease | hyperthyroidism
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| hypercalcemia | elevated blood calcium level
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| hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level
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| hypergonadism | excessive activity of the ovaries or testes
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| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the body
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| hyperkalemia | elevated blood potassium level
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| hypernatremia | elevated blood sodium level
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| hyperparathyroidism | hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands
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| hyperthyrodism | overactivity of the thyroid gland: Graves Disease
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| hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level
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| hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level
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| hypokalemai | less than normal blood potassium level
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| hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level
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| hypothyroidism | less than normal activity in the thyroid gland; extremely low body metabolism
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| insulin shock | state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level
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| medulla | internal part of a structure or organ
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| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body
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| myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism. characterized by puffiness of the hands and face
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| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. stimulates the contractions of the uterus during childbirth
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyphagia | excessive eating
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| polyuria | excretion of excessively large amounts of urine
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| progesterone | female hormone secreted by the ovaries
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| somatotropic hormone | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth: Growth Hormone
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| syndrome | group of symptoms occurring together
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| tetany | severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints
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| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland
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| virilism | development of masculine physical traits in the female
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| dwarfism | growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone: hypopituitarism
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| gigantism | proportional overgrowth of the bodys tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty
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| goiter (simple) | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
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| thyroiditis, chronic | chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland
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| thyroid storm | acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
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| Addison's disease | life threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocoricoids
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| Cushing's Syndrome | cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood
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| diabetic retinopathy | disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye, experience bulging, hemorrhages, leakage, and scarring
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| pancreatic cancer | life threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas
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| pancreatitis | acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas
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| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight
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| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | test that evaluates the persons ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring the glucose levels
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| hemoglobin A1C Test (HgbA1C) | shows the average level of glucose in an individuals blood during the last 3 months
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| serum glucose tests | measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time of the sample was drawn
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| thyroid function test | measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH
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| thyroid scan | determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of the radionuclear scanning
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | measures the concentration of TSH in the blood
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