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Endocrine Syst. Ch13
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acromegaly | chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
| adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary gland |
| adrenocortical | pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| androgen | steroid hormone, increases male characteristics |
| cortex | pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure |
| cretinism | congenital condition. characterized by dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin, and large tongue |
| diabetes, insipidus | metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia & polyuria |
| diabetes mellitus | disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin |
| endocrine gland | ductless gland that produces a chemical substance called a hormone, secreted directly into the bloodstream |
| endocrinologist | physician who specialized in the medical practice of treating the disease and disorders of the endocrine system |
| endocrinology | field of medicine that deals with the study of the endocrine system |
| estrogen | female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| euthyroid | pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland |
| exophthalmia | abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose |
| glucogenesis | formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates |
| glucose | simplest form of sugar in the body |
| glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed |
| glycosuria | presence of sugar in the urine |
| graves disease | hyperthyroidism |
| hypercalcemia | elevated blood calcium level |
| hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level |
| hypergonadism | excessive activity of the ovaries or testes |
| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the body |
| hyperkalemia | elevated blood potassium level |
| hypernatremia | elevated blood sodium level |
| hyperparathyroidism | hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands |
| hyperthyrodism | overactivity of the thyroid gland: Graves Disease |
| hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level |
| hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level |
| hypokalemai | less than normal blood potassium level |
| hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level |
| hypothyroidism | less than normal activity in the thyroid gland; extremely low body metabolism |
| insulin shock | state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level |
| medulla | internal part of a structure or organ |
| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body |
| myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism. characterized by puffiness of the hands and face |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. stimulates the contractions of the uterus during childbirth |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excretion of excessively large amounts of urine |
| progesterone | female hormone secreted by the ovaries |
| somatotropic hormone | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth: Growth Hormone |
| syndrome | group of symptoms occurring together |
| tetany | severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| virilism | development of masculine physical traits in the female |
| dwarfism | growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone: hypopituitarism |
| gigantism | proportional overgrowth of the bodys tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty |
| goiter (simple) | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland |
| thyroiditis, chronic | chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid storm | acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone |
| Addison's disease | life threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocoricoids |
| Cushing's Syndrome | cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood |
| diabetic retinopathy | disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye, experience bulging, hemorrhages, leakage, and scarring |
| pancreatic cancer | life threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas |
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight |
| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | test that evaluates the persons ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring the glucose levels |
| hemoglobin A1C Test (HgbA1C) | shows the average level of glucose in an individuals blood during the last 3 months |
| serum glucose tests | measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time of the sample was drawn |
| thyroid function test | measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH |
| thyroid scan | determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of the radionuclear scanning |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | measures the concentration of TSH in the blood |
Created by:
asmaba08
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