General plan of the Body
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| Anatomy | Study of body structure
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| Physiology | Study of body function
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| Pathophysiology | Study of disorders of Function
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| Levels of Organization (3) | Simple, Basic, Complex
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| Chemical | Atoms and compounds
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| Body Chemical Types (2) | Organic and Non-organic
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| Organic chemicals contain | Carbon AND Hydrogen
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| Inorganic chemicals contain | Everything other than Carbon and Hydrogen
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| Cells | Smallest living unit
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| How many groups of tissue? | Four
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| What are the groups of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve
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| Connective Tissue | Connect and support parts of the body, transport and store
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| Muscle Tissue | contraction of motility, peristalsis, gland secretion, etc.
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| Nerve Tissue | Generate and transmit electochemical impulses
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| Epithelial | Covers or lines the body surfaces
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| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific funtion.
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| Organ System | A group of organs that work to perform a function
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| Organ Systmes (11) | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.
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| Organism | All body funtions contributing to a living being
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| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions and physical processes that take place in the body
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| Metabolism origin | Greek: Change
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| Metablolic Rate | speed at which the body produces energy and heat
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| Homeostasis | Remaining mostly stable in an unstable environment
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| pH of Blood | 7.35-7.45
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| pH Stands for | Parts hydrogen
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| pH means | hydrogen concentration acid/alkaline (basic) balance
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| Negative Feedback | Reversal of a function brought by monitoring the results of a function
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| Negative Feedback example | Heater kicks on to compensate for the temperature drop, until the temperature meets the setting
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| Positive Feedback | Enhancement of a function
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| Positive Feedback example | Childbirth: cervix stretches, oxytocin releases by anterior pituitary, incresed utering contraction, more stretching of the cervix, more oxytocin, etc--Snowball effect
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| Anatomic Position | Standing arms to the side with palms facing forward.
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| Axillary | Armpit
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| Brachial | Arm (upper arm)
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| Buccal | Cheek (NOT mouth)
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| Oral | Mouth (inside)
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| Cardiac | Heart
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| Cervical | Neck
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| Cranial | Skull (back of head)
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| Cutaneous | Skin
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| Deltoid | Shoulder (muscle NOT joint)
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| Femoral | Thigh (front and back)
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| Gastric | Stomach
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| Gluteal | Butt
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| Hepatic | Liver
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| Iliac | Ilium (pelvis NOT hip)
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| Iguinal | Front of the hip/abdomanal area (NOT groin)
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| Lumbar | Lower back (above ribs, below pelvis)
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| Mammary | Breasts
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| Nasal | Nose
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| Occipital | Back of the skull (bone and lobe)
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| Orbital | Eye
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| Parietal | Side of skull above the ear more toward top (bone and lobe)
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| Patellar | Knee cap
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| Pectoral | Chest
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| Perineal | Plevic floor (episiotomy area)
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| Plantar | Sole of foot
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| Popliteal | Back of knee (knee pit)
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| Pulmonary | Lungs
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| Renal | Kidney
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| Sacral | Triangle at base of spine
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| Temporal | Skull area around ear (NOT "temple")
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| Umbilical | Navel
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| Volar (palmar) | Palm
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| Superior | Above, higher The heart is _____ to the liver
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| Inferior | Below, lower The liver is ______ to the lungs
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| Anterior | Toward front The chest is on the ______ side of the body
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| Posterior | Toward back The lumbar area is _____ to the umbilical area.
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| Ventral | Toward Front The mammary area is on the ______ side of the body.
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| Dorsal | Toward Back The buttocks area is on the ______ side of the body.
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| Medial | Toward midline The heart is _____ to the lungs
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| Lateral | Away from midline The shoulder is ____ to the neck.
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| Internal | Within, interior The brain is _____ to the skull
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| External | Outside, external Tge ribs are _____ to the lungs
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| Superficial | Toward surface The skin is the most _____ organ.
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| Deep | Within, interior The _____ veins of the legs ar surrounded by muscles.
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| Central | Main part The brain is part of the _____ nervous system.
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| Peripheral | Extending from main part Nerves in the arm are part of the _______ nervous system.
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| Proximal | Closer to the origin THe knee is ______ to the foot.
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| Distal | Away from th origin The palm is _____ to the elbow.
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| Parietal | Pertaining to wall of cavity (lines) The _______ pleura lines the chest cavity.
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| Vesceral | Pertaining to organs within cavity (covers) The _____ pleura covers the lungs.
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| 2 Major Body Cavites | Dorsal and Ventral
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| Dorsal Cavity includes | Cranial and Spinal
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| Cranial Cavity includes | Skull: brain
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| Spinal Cavity includes | Spinal column: spinal cord, meninges
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| Ventral Cavity includes | Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
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| Thoracic Cavity includes | Heart and lungs
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| Pleural Membranes | Serous membrans of the thoracic cavity Secrete serous fluid (water) for lubrication to reduce friction.
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| Parietal Pleura | Lines chest wall
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| Visceral Pleura | Covers Lungs
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| Pericardial Membranes | No wall surrounds heart, but it does have a pericardial sac
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| Parietal Pericardium | Lines pericardial sac
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| Visceral Pericardium | Covers the heart
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| Abdominal Cavity includes | Liver, stomach, intestines, etc.
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| Parietal Peritoneum | Lines abdominal wall
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| Messentery | Continuation of peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum)
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| Pelvic Cavity includes | Bladder, reproductive organs, colon, rectum, uterus, prostate...Below pelvic rim...Covered by mesentery NOT lined by peritoneum
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| Section | Cut of a body part virtual or literal
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| Plane | Imaginary flat surface that separates two portions
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| Frontal (coronal) | Separates front and back
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| Saggital | Separates right and left
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| Transvers | Seeparates upper and lower
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| Cross-Section | Perpindicular to long axis of a structure
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| Longitudical | Plane along the long axis of a structure
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| Quadrants | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
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| LLQ | Left lower quadrant
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| RLQ | Right lower quadrant
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| LUQ | Left upper quadrant
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| RUQ | Right upper quadrant
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| Nine Regions (top-bottom, right-left) | Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypichondrica region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region
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| Simplest level of organization | chemical
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| Examples of organic chemicals | carbohydrates, fats, protein, nucleic acid
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| Examples of inorganic chemicals | oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, calcium, iron
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| The most complex level of organization | organ system
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| The simplest living level or organization | cellular
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| Tissue | cells with similar structure are grouped together
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| Organ | group of tissue that is arranged in a particular way
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| Covers or lines the surface | Epithelial tissue
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| The lining of the stomach and the epidermis of the skin | Epithelial tissue
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| Supports transports and stores material | Connective tissue
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| Bone and blood | Connective tissue
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| Contracts and brings about movement | Muscle tissue
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| The heart and skeletal muscle | Muscle tissue
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| Transmits nerve impulses that regulate body function | Nerve tissue
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| Spinal cord and brain | nerve tissue
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| Where do changes that effect the body take place | internal or external
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| Lined with meninges | Cranial cavity OR Spinal cavity
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| Contains the brain | Cranial cavity
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| Lined with parietal pluera | Thoracic cavity
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| Contains the heard and lungs | Thoracic cavity
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| The inferior boundry to tge diaphragm | Thoracic cavity
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| COntains the spinal cord | Spinal cavity
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| Contains the internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder | Pelvic Cavity
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| Lined with peritoneum | Abdominal cavity
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| THe superior boundry to the diaphragm | Abdominal cavity
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| Contains the liver and the pancreas | Abdomnal cavity
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Created by:
Sarsileigh
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