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S. Anat1
General plan of the Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Study of body structure |
| Physiology | Study of body function |
| Pathophysiology | Study of disorders of Function |
| Levels of Organization (3) | Simple, Basic, Complex |
| Chemical | Atoms and compounds |
| Body Chemical Types (2) | Organic and Non-organic |
| Organic chemicals contain | Carbon AND Hydrogen |
| Inorganic chemicals contain | Everything other than Carbon and Hydrogen |
| Cells | Smallest living unit |
| How many groups of tissue? | Four |
| What are the groups of tissue | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve |
| Connective Tissue | Connect and support parts of the body, transport and store |
| Muscle Tissue | contraction of motility, peristalsis, gland secretion, etc. |
| Nerve Tissue | Generate and transmit electochemical impulses |
| Epithelial | Covers or lines the body surfaces |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific funtion. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work to perform a function |
| Organ Systmes (11) | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive. |
| Organism | All body funtions contributing to a living being |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions and physical processes that take place in the body |
| Metabolism origin | Greek: Change |
| Metablolic Rate | speed at which the body produces energy and heat |
| Homeostasis | Remaining mostly stable in an unstable environment |
| pH of Blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| pH Stands for | Parts hydrogen |
| pH means | hydrogen concentration acid/alkaline (basic) balance |
| Negative Feedback | Reversal of a function brought by monitoring the results of a function |
| Negative Feedback example | Heater kicks on to compensate for the temperature drop, until the temperature meets the setting |
| Positive Feedback | Enhancement of a function |
| Positive Feedback example | Childbirth: cervix stretches, oxytocin releases by anterior pituitary, incresed utering contraction, more stretching of the cervix, more oxytocin, etc--Snowball effect |
| Anatomic Position | Standing arms to the side with palms facing forward. |
| Axillary | Armpit |
| Brachial | Arm (upper arm) |
| Buccal | Cheek (NOT mouth) |
| Oral | Mouth (inside) |
| Cardiac | Heart |
| Cervical | Neck |
| Cranial | Skull (back of head) |
| Cutaneous | Skin |
| Deltoid | Shoulder (muscle NOT joint) |
| Femoral | Thigh (front and back) |
| Gastric | Stomach |
| Gluteal | Butt |
| Hepatic | Liver |
| Iliac | Ilium (pelvis NOT hip) |
| Iguinal | Front of the hip/abdomanal area (NOT groin) |
| Lumbar | Lower back (above ribs, below pelvis) |
| Mammary | Breasts |
| Nasal | Nose |
| Occipital | Back of the skull (bone and lobe) |
| Orbital | Eye |
| Parietal | Side of skull above the ear more toward top (bone and lobe) |
| Patellar | Knee cap |
| Pectoral | Chest |
| Perineal | Plevic floor (episiotomy area) |
| Plantar | Sole of foot |
| Popliteal | Back of knee (knee pit) |
| Pulmonary | Lungs |
| Renal | Kidney |
| Sacral | Triangle at base of spine |
| Temporal | Skull area around ear (NOT "temple") |
| Umbilical | Navel |
| Volar (palmar) | Palm |
| Superior | Above, higher The heart is _____ to the liver |
| Inferior | Below, lower The liver is ______ to the lungs |
| Anterior | Toward front The chest is on the ______ side of the body |
| Posterior | Toward back The lumbar area is _____ to the umbilical area. |
| Ventral | Toward Front The mammary area is on the ______ side of the body. |
| Dorsal | Toward Back The buttocks area is on the ______ side of the body. |
| Medial | Toward midline The heart is _____ to the lungs |
| Lateral | Away from midline The shoulder is ____ to the neck. |
| Internal | Within, interior The brain is _____ to the skull |
| External | Outside, external Tge ribs are _____ to the lungs |
| Superficial | Toward surface The skin is the most _____ organ. |
| Deep | Within, interior The _____ veins of the legs ar surrounded by muscles. |
| Central | Main part The brain is part of the _____ nervous system. |
| Peripheral | Extending from main part Nerves in the arm are part of the _______ nervous system. |
| Proximal | Closer to the origin THe knee is ______ to the foot. |
| Distal | Away from th origin The palm is _____ to the elbow. |
| Parietal | Pertaining to wall of cavity (lines) The _______ pleura lines the chest cavity. |
| Vesceral | Pertaining to organs within cavity (covers) The _____ pleura covers the lungs. |
| 2 Major Body Cavites | Dorsal and Ventral |
| Dorsal Cavity includes | Cranial and Spinal |
| Cranial Cavity includes | Skull: brain |
| Spinal Cavity includes | Spinal column: spinal cord, meninges |
| Ventral Cavity includes | Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities |
| Thoracic Cavity includes | Heart and lungs |
| Pleural Membranes | Serous membrans of the thoracic cavity Secrete serous fluid (water) for lubrication to reduce friction. |
| Parietal Pleura | Lines chest wall |
| Visceral Pleura | Covers Lungs |
| Pericardial Membranes | No wall surrounds heart, but it does have a pericardial sac |
| Parietal Pericardium | Lines pericardial sac |
| Visceral Pericardium | Covers the heart |
| Abdominal Cavity includes | Liver, stomach, intestines, etc. |
| Parietal Peritoneum | Lines abdominal wall |
| Messentery | Continuation of peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum) |
| Pelvic Cavity includes | Bladder, reproductive organs, colon, rectum, uterus, prostate...Below pelvic rim...Covered by mesentery NOT lined by peritoneum |
| Section | Cut of a body part virtual or literal |
| Plane | Imaginary flat surface that separates two portions |
| Frontal (coronal) | Separates front and back |
| Saggital | Separates right and left |
| Transvers | Seeparates upper and lower |
| Cross-Section | Perpindicular to long axis of a structure |
| Longitudical | Plane along the long axis of a structure |
| Quadrants | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
| RLQ | Right lower quadrant |
| LUQ | Left upper quadrant |
| RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
| Nine Regions (top-bottom, right-left) | Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypichondrica region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region |
| Simplest level of organization | chemical |
| Examples of organic chemicals | carbohydrates, fats, protein, nucleic acid |
| Examples of inorganic chemicals | oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, calcium, iron |
| The most complex level of organization | organ system |
| The simplest living level or organization | cellular |
| Tissue | cells with similar structure are grouped together |
| Organ | group of tissue that is arranged in a particular way |
| Covers or lines the surface | Epithelial tissue |
| The lining of the stomach and the epidermis of the skin | Epithelial tissue |
| Supports transports and stores material | Connective tissue |
| Bone and blood | Connective tissue |
| Contracts and brings about movement | Muscle tissue |
| The heart and skeletal muscle | Muscle tissue |
| Transmits nerve impulses that regulate body function | Nerve tissue |
| Spinal cord and brain | nerve tissue |
| Where do changes that effect the body take place | internal or external |
| Lined with meninges | Cranial cavity OR Spinal cavity |
| Contains the brain | Cranial cavity |
| Lined with parietal pluera | Thoracic cavity |
| Contains the heard and lungs | Thoracic cavity |
| The inferior boundry to tge diaphragm | Thoracic cavity |
| COntains the spinal cord | Spinal cavity |
| Contains the internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder | Pelvic Cavity |
| Lined with peritoneum | Abdominal cavity |
| THe superior boundry to the diaphragm | Abdominal cavity |
| Contains the liver and the pancreas | Abdomnal cavity |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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