Respiratory System
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| What body parts are included in the respiratory system? | mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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| What is the nerve for the diaphragm? | phrenic nerve
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| How many lobes does the right lung have? | 3; upper, middle, lower
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| How many lobes does the left lung have? | 2; upper , lower
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| Which lung has the heart cut out? | left
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| The nasal cavity needs to stay what? | moist
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| Air is made of what % nitrogen | 75
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| Air is made of whar % oxygen? | 21
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| Air is made of what % carbon dioxide | 1
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| The lungs are called the what organs of respiration | primary
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| What separates the lungd into right and left? | mediastinum
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| Explain the flow of air into the body? | nose or mouth>pharynx>trachea>bronchi>bronchiole>alveoli
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| What are the basic functions of the respiratory system? | air distribution & gas exchange
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| what are some other functions? | filter, warm humidify
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| Explain Aveoli | they distribute air, gas exchange takes palce here; 1 cell at a time
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| What happens to alveoli when influezma is present? | pop
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| alveolus | grape shape at end of branches
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| What is respiratory mucosa? | membrane that lines the system tract; to keep moist
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| explain air purification | filters before reaches lungs everything that comes in the mouth or nose
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| What is the repsiratory system lined with? | cilia small hairs that filter
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| What body parts does the resporatory tract include? | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
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| What separates the nasal cavity into right & left? | septum
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| What happens to air pass thru. the nasal cavity? | warmed by small blood vessels & moisted by mucous membranes and secretions fron the sinuses
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| What happens when the swell bodies engorge with blood? | 1/2 hour; decrease air flow on that side of the nose
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| What can result form poor nose function? | backaches, numbness, cramps, circulatory dysfunction
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| What is deviated septum? | conditionin which the cartilage is bent
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| Where are the 4 groups of sinuses located? | frontal(4head)- maxillary(under cheeks) - sphenoid(temporal)- ethmoid(side nose by eye)
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| What do the lacrimal ducts do? | drain tears and nasal cavity
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| Waht is the function of nasal concha? | increase surface area for air to flow (super, mid, Infer layers)
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| What is another word for throat? | Pharynx
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| Name the layer of the pharynx? | nasopharynx , Oropharynx,Laryngopharynx
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| Explain Nasopharynx and its location | located behind the nose and function to equlize pressure in head, nose and pharynx
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| Explain oropharynx and its location | behind the mouth, the portion that you can see; functions as a passageway for food and air
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| Explain laryngopharynx and its location | begin at the hyoid bone beinh the laryns; function as a pathway for respiration and digestion
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| Waht prevents food and fluids from entering the lungs? | epiglottis at the larynx entrance
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| The nasopharynx has how many tubes? | 2; L&R auditory tubes
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| What is another word for voicebox? | larynx
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| What is laryngitis? | inflammtion of the vocal cords caused by overuse, infection, or irritation
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| What is another word for windpipe? | Trachea
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| What is the main airway to the lungs? | Trachea
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| The trachea branches into what | 2 bronchi
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| Explain how the 2 bronchi break down into the lungs? | 1st branches of the bronchial tubes are the rt and lt primary bronchi. Each main bronchus divdes into two (lt lung) or three (rt lung) lobar bronchi
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| What is the function of alveoli? | hold air, internal respiration takes place
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| Alveoli are surrounded by what? | capillaries
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| What is the fluid on the alveoli & its function? | surfactant; reduce friction
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| What is the covering for the lungs? | pleura
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| What is pnemothorax? | air enters the pleural spaces as a result of trauma or rupture of part of lung
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| What is another word for chest cavity? | thorax
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| what parts are included in the thorax? | sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lungs, heart and great vessels
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| What is the respiratory rate for an adult? | 12 -16 breaths per minute
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| Waht is the respiratory rate for a neewborn? | 35 breaths per minute
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| At what age do you reach you adult respiratory rate? | 20 years
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| Eupnea | normal breathing
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| Dyspnia | labored breathing (wheezing)
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| Apena | stopped breathing
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| Hyperpnea | deep fast breathing
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| Tachypnea | rapid shallow breathing
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| Bradypnea | slow breathing
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| diffusion | area of high ot low conentration; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here
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| Tidal Volume (TV) | air that you just take in and out
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| Residual Volume (RV) | air left in lungs after forceful expiration
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| vital capacity | volume of air that can be exhaled after max inhalation
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| transportion | diffusion is one type(like spraying air fresher)
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| Active transportion | lo to hi; somethings have to be actively helped into the cell
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| Passive transportion | hi to lo; less energy
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| Inspiration | air in
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| Expiration | air out
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| 2 types of respiration | external and internal
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| external gas | exchange between air in lung and un blood
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| internal gas | exchange between blood and cells
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| The diaphragm is what kind of muscle? | inspiratory muscle; really only works doing inspiration
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| What nerve stimulate the diaphragm contract? | phrenic nerve
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| What cause hiccups? | too much air in the diaphragm space
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| internal intercoastals | expiratory muscle
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| external intercoastals | inspiratory muscle
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| What is it called when the diaphragm contracts? | inspiration
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| what is it called when the diaphragm relaxs? | expiration
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