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Respiratory System2
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What body parts are included in the respiratory system? | mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
| What is the nerve for the diaphragm? | phrenic nerve |
| How many lobes does the right lung have? | 3; upper, middle, lower |
| How many lobes does the left lung have? | 2; upper , lower |
| Which lung has the heart cut out? | left |
| The nasal cavity needs to stay what? | moist |
| Air is made of what % nitrogen | 75 |
| Air is made of whar % oxygen? | 21 |
| Air is made of what % carbon dioxide | 1 |
| The lungs are called the what organs of respiration | primary |
| What separates the lungd into right and left? | mediastinum |
| Explain the flow of air into the body? | nose or mouth>pharynx>trachea>bronchi>bronchiole>alveoli |
| What are the basic functions of the respiratory system? | air distribution & gas exchange |
| what are some other functions? | filter, warm humidify |
| Explain Aveoli | they distribute air, gas exchange takes palce here; 1 cell at a time |
| What happens to alveoli when influezma is present? | pop |
| alveolus | grape shape at end of branches |
| What is respiratory mucosa? | membrane that lines the system tract; to keep moist |
| explain air purification | filters before reaches lungs everything that comes in the mouth or nose |
| What is the repsiratory system lined with? | cilia small hairs that filter |
| What body parts does the resporatory tract include? | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx |
| What separates the nasal cavity into right & left? | septum |
| What happens to air pass thru. the nasal cavity? | warmed by small blood vessels & moisted by mucous membranes and secretions fron the sinuses |
| What happens when the swell bodies engorge with blood? | 1/2 hour; decrease air flow on that side of the nose |
| What can result form poor nose function? | backaches, numbness, cramps, circulatory dysfunction |
| What is deviated septum? | conditionin which the cartilage is bent |
| Where are the 4 groups of sinuses located? | frontal(4head)- maxillary(under cheeks) - sphenoid(temporal)- ethmoid(side nose by eye) |
| What do the lacrimal ducts do? | drain tears and nasal cavity |
| Waht is the function of nasal concha? | increase surface area for air to flow (super, mid, Infer layers) |
| What is another word for throat? | Pharynx |
| Name the layer of the pharynx? | nasopharynx , Oropharynx,Laryngopharynx |
| Explain Nasopharynx and its location | located behind the nose and function to equlize pressure in head, nose and pharynx |
| Explain oropharynx and its location | behind the mouth, the portion that you can see; functions as a passageway for food and air |
| Explain laryngopharynx and its location | begin at the hyoid bone beinh the laryns; function as a pathway for respiration and digestion |
| Waht prevents food and fluids from entering the lungs? | epiglottis at the larynx entrance |
| The nasopharynx has how many tubes? | 2; L&R auditory tubes |
| What is another word for voicebox? | larynx |
| What is laryngitis? | inflammtion of the vocal cords caused by overuse, infection, or irritation |
| What is another word for windpipe? | Trachea |
| What is the main airway to the lungs? | Trachea |
| The trachea branches into what | 2 bronchi |
| Explain how the 2 bronchi break down into the lungs? | 1st branches of the bronchial tubes are the rt and lt primary bronchi. Each main bronchus divdes into two (lt lung) or three (rt lung) lobar bronchi |
| What is the function of alveoli? | hold air, internal respiration takes place |
| Alveoli are surrounded by what? | capillaries |
| What is the fluid on the alveoli & its function? | surfactant; reduce friction |
| What is the covering for the lungs? | pleura |
| What is pnemothorax? | air enters the pleural spaces as a result of trauma or rupture of part of lung |
| What is another word for chest cavity? | thorax |
| what parts are included in the thorax? | sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lungs, heart and great vessels |
| What is the respiratory rate for an adult? | 12 -16 breaths per minute |
| Waht is the respiratory rate for a neewborn? | 35 breaths per minute |
| At what age do you reach you adult respiratory rate? | 20 years |
| Eupnea | normal breathing |
| Dyspnia | labored breathing (wheezing) |
| Apena | stopped breathing |
| Hyperpnea | deep fast breathing |
| Tachypnea | rapid shallow breathing |
| Bradypnea | slow breathing |
| diffusion | area of high ot low conentration; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here |
| Tidal Volume (TV) | air that you just take in and out |
| Residual Volume (RV) | air left in lungs after forceful expiration |
| vital capacity | volume of air that can be exhaled after max inhalation |
| transportion | diffusion is one type(like spraying air fresher) |
| Active transportion | lo to hi; somethings have to be actively helped into the cell |
| Passive transportion | hi to lo; less energy |
| Inspiration | air in |
| Expiration | air out |
| 2 types of respiration | external and internal |
| external gas | exchange between air in lung and un blood |
| internal gas | exchange between blood and cells |
| The diaphragm is what kind of muscle? | inspiratory muscle; really only works doing inspiration |
| What nerve stimulate the diaphragm contract? | phrenic nerve |
| What cause hiccups? | too much air in the diaphragm space |
| internal intercoastals | expiratory muscle |
| external intercoastals | inspiratory muscle |
| What is it called when the diaphragm contracts? | inspiration |
| what is it called when the diaphragm relaxs? | expiration |
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