Veterinary Pathology of the CNS 227.301 1st Sem
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord are called the ____. | show 🗑
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| The three layers of the meninges are called the ____ ____, ____ ____, and ____ ____. | show 🗑
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| The ____ in the spinal cord is separated from the bone by a a space called the ____ space. | show 🗑
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| show | dura, epidural
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| show | pia, perivascular, Virchow-Robbins space
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| CSF fills the ____ space between the ____ mater and the ____ mater. | show 🗑
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| Meningitis is caused by ____ cells present in the ____ and _____ spaces. | show 🗑
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| White matter of the CNS is composed mainly of ____ ____. | show 🗑
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| Grey matter of the CNS is composed mainly of ____ ____ ____. | show 🗑
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| ____ is a felt-like material composed of axons, dendrites, and processes of oligodendroglia, microglia, and astrocytes in the grey matter. | show 🗑
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| Neurons are ____ designed to receive and transmit ____, and to secrete and transport ____. | show 🗑
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| show | cell body, axons, dendritic
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| show | nuclei
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| show | 1. central chromatolysis; 2. Wallerian degeneration
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| show | degeneration of an axon distal to the point of injury; the axon disintegrates and is slowly removed by macrophages. The myelin sheath swells and fragments.
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| What is central chromatolysis? | show 🗑
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| If a neronal cell body survives the initial trauma, the axon ____ to the trauma can begin to ____ within ____. | show 🗑
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| Following axonal trauma, it is possible for a proliferating ____ ____ to enter an intact ____ ____ and grow along it at a rate of ____ mm per ____. | show 🗑
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| show | axon reaction
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| show | oxygen, energy, ischaemic
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| show | excitotoxicity
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| show | calcium, cytoplasm
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| show | damage, mitochondria, organelles, sequesteered calcium, cytoplasm
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| During neuronal hypoxia, increased levels of intracellular ____ activates ____ and causes ____ ____ and generation of ____ ____. | show 🗑
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| As part of the excitotoxicity mechanish, there is prolonged ____ of the neuron, resulting in release of large amounts of ____ ____ such as ____, which stimulates the movement of ____ ___ into the cell, thus potentiating the damage caused by activated ___. | show 🗑
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| ____ are small cells with dark round nuclei, found in grey matter and in rows between nerve fibers in white matter. Their function is to ____ and ___ the ___ ___ around ____. The equivalent cell in the PNS is the ____ cell. | show 🗑
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| show | oligodendrogliocyte, demyelination, axons, oligodendrogliocyte, axons
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| show | astrocytes
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| show | structural, supportive, regulatory
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| Astrocytes have a large number of cell ____ that form an ____ ____ ____. Some of these ____ form part of the ___-____ ____. | show 🗑
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| show | repair, proliferation, astrocytic scar
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| show | epithelium, ventricles, mesencephalic aqueduct, central canal, parenchyma, CSF
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| show | choroid plexus, capillaries, ependyma, pia mater, CSF
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| CSF is formed by the ____ ____ and the ____. It is secreted into the ____, moves through them, and out into the ____ space via the ____ ____ of the ____ ventricles. | show 🗑
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| CSF is removed by passing through the ____ ____ into the ____ ____ ____ and on into the ____. ____ ____ are extension of the ____ membrane that project from the ____ space into the ____ ____ ____. | show 🗑
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| The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____ ____ between the endothelial cells lining the ____ ____ within the brain parenchyma, as well as ____ processes of ____ that terminate on the endothelial cells. | show 🗑
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| show | water, lipid-soluble, glucose, amino acids
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| Name the 4 types of cerebral oedema. | show 🗑
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| show | extracellular, tight junctions, blood-brain barrier.
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| show | solutes, plasma proteins, interstitial (extracellular)
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| show | vascular, space-occupying, inflammation
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| Cytotoxic oedema is an ____ oedema that develops due to disrupted cellular ____. It can occur when cellular ____ production is impaired, resulting in failure of the ____ ____, an accumulation of intracellular ____, and an influx of ____. | show 🗑
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| show | ventricular hydrostatic pressure, hydrocephalus
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| show | movement, fluid, ependyma, ventricle, periventricular white matter.
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| show | loading, intoxication, hypotonic plasma, solute-free, osmosis
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