Veterinary Pathology of the CNS 227.301 1st Sem
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The tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord are called the ____. | show 🗑
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show | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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show | dura, epidural
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show | dura, epidural
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Vessels entering the brain from the other surface take with them a layer of ____ mater, which forms a ____ space called ____ ____. | show 🗑
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CSF fills the ____ space between the ____ mater and the ____ mater. | show 🗑
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Meningitis is caused by ____ cells present in the ____ and _____ spaces. | show 🗑
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show | myelinated axons
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Grey matter of the CNS is composed mainly of ____ ____ ____. | show 🗑
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____ is a felt-like material composed of axons, dendrites, and processes of oligodendroglia, microglia, and astrocytes in the grey matter. | show 🗑
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show | cells, stimuli, hormones
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Neurons are composed of a ____ ____, with efferent ___ and afferent _____ processes. | show 🗑
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Neuronal cell bodies are collected into groups in the brain and spinal cord called ____. | show 🗑
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show | 1. central chromatolysis; 2. Wallerian degeneration
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Describe Wallerian degeneration. | show 🗑
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What is central chromatolysis? | show 🗑
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If a neronal cell body survives the initial trauma, the axon ____ to the trauma can begin to ____ within ____. | show 🗑
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show | axonal sprout, endoneural tube, 1-4, day
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Central chromatolysis is also know as the "____ ____". | show 🗑
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show | oxygen, energy, ischaemic
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Ischaemic damage to neurons involves a mechanism known as ____. | show 🗑
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Excitotoxicty involves too much ____ in the ____ of neurons. | show 🗑
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show | damage, mitochondria, organelles, sequesteered calcium, cytoplasm
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During neuronal hypoxia, increased levels of intracellular ____ activates ____ and causes ____ ____ and generation of ____ ____. | show 🗑
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As part of the excitotoxicity mechanish, there is prolonged ____ of the neuron, resulting in release of large amounts of ____ ____ such as ____, which stimulates the movement of ____ ___ into the cell, thus potentiating the damage caused by activated ___. | show 🗑
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____ are small cells with dark round nuclei, found in grey matter and in rows between nerve fibers in white matter. Their function is to ____ and ___ the ___ ___ around ____. The equivalent cell in the PNS is the ____ cell. | show 🗑
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Damage to one ____ can result in ____ of many ____, because each ____ has multiple processes that extend to many different ____. | show 🗑
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The most numerous cells in the CNS are the ____. | show 🗑
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The fucntion of astrocytes is ____ and ____, and they also have ____ functions. | show 🗑
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show | processes, interconnecting structural framework, processes, blood-brain barrier
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Astrocystes play a role in ____ via ____ of cell processes; healing can result in an "____ ____". | show 🗑
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show | epithelium, ventricles, mesencephalic aqueduct, central canal, parenchyma, CSF
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show | choroid plexus, capillaries, ependyma, pia mater, CSF
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CSF is formed by the ____ ____ and the ____. It is secreted into the ____, moves through them, and out into the ____ space via the ____ ____ of the ____ ventricles. | show 🗑
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show | arachnoid villi, dural venous sinuses, bloodstream, arachnoid villi, arachnoid subarachnoid, dural venous sinuses
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The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____ ____ between the endothelial cells lining the ____ ____ within the brain parenchyma, as well as ____ processes of ____ that terminate on the endothelial cells. | show 🗑
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Due to the blood-brain barrier, the only substances that can leave the vessels in the brain are ____, small ____-____ molecules, and certain compounds such as ____ and ____ ____, which have specific active transport systems. | show 🗑
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Name the 4 types of cerebral oedema. | show 🗑
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Vasogenic oedmea is an ____ oedema involving the loosening of ____ ____ and the breakdown of the ____-____ ____. | show 🗑
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In vasogenic oedmea, fluid, ____, and ____ ____ leak out of the vessels, remaining mostly in the ____ compartment. | show 🗑
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show | vascular, space-occupying, inflammation
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Cytotoxic oedema is an ____ oedema that develops due to disrupted cellular ____. It can occur when cellular ____ production is impaired, resulting in failure of the ____ ____, an accumulation of intracellular ____, and an influx of ____. | show 🗑
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Hydrostatic oedema occurs when there is an increase in ____ ____ ____, usually due to ____. | show 🗑
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With hydrostatic oedema, there is increased ____ of ____ across the ____ lining the ____. This fluid accumulates in the ____ ____ ____. | show 🗑
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show | loading, intoxication, hypotonic plasma, solute-free, osmosis
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