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Veterinary Pathology of the CNS 227.301 1st Sem

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
The tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord are called the ____.   show
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The three layers of the meninges are called the ____ ____, ____ ____, and ____ ____.   show
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The ____ in the spinal cord is separated from the bone by a a space called the ____ space.   show
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show dura, epidural  
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show pia, perivascular, Virchow-Robbins space  
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CSF fills the ____ space between the ____ mater and the ____ mater.   show
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Meningitis is caused by ____ cells present in the ____ and _____ spaces.   show
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White matter of the CNS is composed mainly of ____ ____.   show
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Grey matter of the CNS is composed mainly of ____ ____ ____.   show
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____ is a felt-like material composed of axons, dendrites, and processes of oligodendroglia, microglia, and astrocytes in the grey matter.   show
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Neurons are ____ designed to receive and transmit ____, and to secrete and transport ____.   show
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show cell body, axons, dendritic  
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show nuclei  
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show 1. central chromatolysis; 2. Wallerian degeneration  
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show degeneration of an axon distal to the point of injury; the axon disintegrates and is slowly removed by macrophages. The myelin sheath swells and fragments.  
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What is central chromatolysis?   show
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If a neronal cell body survives the initial trauma, the axon ____ to the trauma can begin to ____ within ____.   show
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Following axonal trauma, it is possible for a proliferating ____ ____ to enter an intact ____ ____ and grow along it at a rate of ____ mm per ____.   show
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show axon reaction  
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show oxygen, energy, ischaemic  
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show excitotoxicity  
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show calcium, cytoplasm  
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show damage, mitochondria, organelles, sequesteered calcium, cytoplasm  
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During neuronal hypoxia, increased levels of intracellular ____ activates ____ and causes ____ ____ and generation of ____ ____.   show
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As part of the excitotoxicity mechanish, there is prolonged ____ of the neuron, resulting in release of large amounts of ____ ____ such as ____, which stimulates the movement of ____ ___ into the cell, thus potentiating the damage caused by activated ___.   show
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____ are small cells with dark round nuclei, found in grey matter and in rows between nerve fibers in white matter. Their function is to ____ and ___ the ___ ___ around ____. The equivalent cell in the PNS is the ____ cell.   show
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show oligodendrogliocyte, demyelination, axons, oligodendrogliocyte, axons  
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show astrocytes  
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show structural, supportive, regulatory  
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Astrocytes have a large number of cell ____ that form an ____ ____ ____. Some of these ____ form part of the ___-____ ____.   show
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show repair, proliferation, astrocytic scar  
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show epithelium, ventricles, mesencephalic aqueduct, central canal, parenchyma, CSF  
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show choroid plexus, capillaries, ependyma, pia mater, CSF  
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CSF is formed by the ____ ____ and the ____. It is secreted into the ____, moves through them, and out into the ____ space via the ____ ____ of the ____ ventricles.   show
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CSF is removed by passing through the ____ ____ into the ____ ____ ____ and on into the ____. ____ ____ are extension of the ____ membrane that project from the ____ space into the ____ ____ ____.   show
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The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____ ____ between the endothelial cells lining the ____ ____ within the brain parenchyma, as well as ____ processes of ____ that terminate on the endothelial cells.   show
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show water, lipid-soluble, glucose, amino acids  
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Name the 4 types of cerebral oedema.   show
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show extracellular, tight junctions, blood-brain barrier.  
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show solutes, plasma proteins, interstitial (extracellular)  
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show vascular, space-occupying, inflammation  
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Cytotoxic oedema is an ____ oedema that develops due to disrupted cellular ____. It can occur when cellular ____ production is impaired, resulting in failure of the ____ ____, an accumulation of intracellular ____, and an influx of ____.   show
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show ventricular hydrostatic pressure, hydrocephalus  
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show movement, fluid, ependyma, ventricle, periventricular white matter.  
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show loading, intoxication, hypotonic plasma, solute-free, osmosis  
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