Knee Ankle Foot
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| name the quadricep muscles | rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
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| vastus medialis origin, insertions (2) | o: linea aspera of femur, medial line
i: base of patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
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| vastus medialis action | knee extension (leg)
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| vastus lateralis origin, insertions (2) | o: linea aspera of femur, lateral line
i: base of patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
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| vastus lateralis action | knee extension (leg)
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| name the hamstring muscles | biceps femoris,semitendinosus, semimembranosus
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| action of the hamstring muscles in relation to the knee/ankle/foot segment | knee flexion (leg)
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| gastrocnemius origins (2), insertion | o: lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur, medial supracondylar ridge of the femur
i: calcaneus (achilles)
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| gastrocnemius actions | knee flexion (leg), plantar flexion (ankle)
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| peroneus longus origins (2), insertions (2) | o:head of fibula, superior 2/3 of fibula shaft, lateral surface
i: lateral tuberosity of 1st metatarsal, medial (1st( cuneiform
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| peroneus longus actions (2) | ankle eversion
plantar flexion
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| tibialis anterior origins (3), insertions (2) | o: lateral epicondyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of tibial shaft antero lateral surface, interosseus membrane
i: medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
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| tibialis anterior actions | dorsiflexion, ankle inversion
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| abductor hallucis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, medial process (medial tubercle of calcaneus)
i: base of proximal phalange 1, medial surface
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| abductor hallucis action | hallux (big toe) abduction
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| flexor digitorum brevis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, medial process (medial tubercle of calcaneus)
i: medial phalanges 2 - 5 plantar surface
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| flexor digitorum brevis action | toe flexion
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| abductor digiti minimi pedis origin, insertion | o: calcaneus tuberosity, lateral process
i: base of 5th proximal phalange, lateral surface
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| abductor digiti minimi pedis action | lillte toe abduction
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| the functional unit of the knee is made up of what 3 bones | femur, tibia, patella
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| movements allowed at the knee | flexion, extension
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| name the ligaments of the knee | medial and lateral collateral ligaments,
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
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| collateral ligaments | are located on each side of the knee, run parallel, and are stabilizing
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| cruciate ligaments | extend from the head of the tibia to the femur. The ACL is lateral and the PCL is medial, criss-cross each other in opposite directions and prevent the femur from rolling off the tibia
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| cartillage of the knee | meniscus
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| functions of the meniscus | shock absorption, congruence (fit between femur and tibia)
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| the functional unit of the ankle is made up of what 3 bones | tibia, fibula, talus
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| movements possible at the ankle | dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion
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| malleolus | bony prominences of the ankle, formed by the fibula (lateral malleolus) and the tibia (medial malleolus)
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| mortise | the cup shape formed by the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, creating a shape for the talus
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| interosseous membrane | the stabilizing structure of fibrous tissue connecting the fibula and tibia
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| the foot is formed by what bones | tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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| how many tarsals metatarsals and phalanges per foot | 3 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges
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| the 3 tarsal bones | talus, calcaneus, cuneiform
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| talus | bone of the ankle that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, no muscle attaches directly on it
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| calcaneus | forms the heel bone, takes up most of the posterior aspect of the foot
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| cuneiform | 3 bones between the tarsals and metatarsals: lateral (3rd) cuneiform, intermedial (2nd) cuneiform, medial (1st) cuneiform
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| metatarsals | 5 in each foot, numbered 1 to 5 from big toe (hallux or 1st metatarsal) to the pinky (5th metatarsal), have a base, shaft and head
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| phalanges | 14 per foot, the big toe has two and all others have 3 - distal, medial, proximal
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| arches | formed by tarsals and dome-shape of metatarsals under the foot, have a medial and lateral longitudinal arch, as well as a transversal arch, allows for better shock absorption and spring
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| the quadriceps all share the same ____ | insertion, base of the patella and tibial tuberosity via the infrapatellar tendon
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| action of the quadriceps on the knee | extension of the knee
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| the hamstrings all share the same ____ | origin - ishial tuberosity of the coxal bone
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| action of the hamstrings on the knee | knee flexion
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| the muscles of the foot all share the same ____ | origin - calcaneus
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