HS2 Vital Signs
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| Vital Signs | The four main vital signs which are temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
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| Temperature | the measurement of the balance between heat loss and heat produced by the body
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| Pulse | the pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery as the heart contracts and relaxes, or beats. The rate, rhythm, and volume are recorded.
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| Rhythm | regularity
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| Volume | Strength
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| Respiration | reflect the breathing rate of patient
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| Blood Pressure | the force exerted by the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts or relaxes
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| Apical Pulse | a pulse is taken with a stethoscope at the apex of the heart
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| Homeostasis | a constant state of fluid balance
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| Oral Temperature | are taken in the mouth, clinical thermometer, place for 3 minutes to 5 minutes. The most common, convenient, and comfortable
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| Rectal Temperature | taken in the rectum and placed for 3 to 5 minutes, most accurate.
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| Axillary Temperature | taken in the armpit and inserted in the folds of the skin for 5 minutes.
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| Aural Temperature | temperature is taken with a special thermometer that is placed in the ear or auditory canal. Contacts radiating energy from the blood vessels
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| Hypothermia | a very low temperature, below 95 Fahrenheit caused by exposure to the cold. Death occurs below 93 Fahrenheit.
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| fever | an elevated body temperature, usually above 101 Fahrenheit.
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| Pyrexia | another term for fever
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| Hyperthermia | occurs when the body temperature exceeds 104 Fahrenheit measured rectally. Can be caused by brain damage or serious infection
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| Clinical thermometer | used to record temperature. Consists of mercury or alcohol with red dye, which expands to heat. Three types Oral, Security and rectal.
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| Tympanic Thermometer | are specialized electronic thermeters that record the aural temperature
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| Character Rhythm | the depth and quality of respirations
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| bradycardia | a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
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| tachycardia | a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute
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| arrhythmia | an irregular abnormal rhythm usually caused by a defect in the electrical conduction pattern
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| dsynea | difficulty breathing
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| apnea | absences of respirations usually temporary
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| tachypnea | respiratory rate above 25 respirations per minute
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| bradypnea | slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 per minute
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| orthopnea | severe dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing
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| Cheyenne-stakes | respirations periods of dyspnea followed by periods of apnea; frequently of a dying patient
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| rales | bubbling or noisy sounds caused by fluids or mucus in the air passage
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| wheezing | difficult breathing with a high pitched whistling or sighing sounds during expiration caused by a narrowing of the bronchioles of obstruction or mucus accumulation in the bronchi
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| cyanosis | a dusky blueish discoloration of the skin and lips, nose because decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide
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| stethoscope | an instrument used to listen to internal body parts
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| pulse deficit | a condition that occurs with some heart conditions heart is weak and doesn't pump or pump too much
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| sphygmomonameter | the intrument that measures your blood pressure in the mm of mercury
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| systolic | pressure occurs in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries
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| diastolic | pressure is the constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is at rest
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| pulse pressure | the difference systolic and diastolic pressure
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| hypertension | high blood pressure is indicated when pressure are greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and 99 mm Hg diastolic
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| Hypotension | low blood pressure, less then 100 systolic and 60 diastolic
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