AP Chapter 8 Upshur
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| show | eighth and ninth centuries.
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| The fabled city of The Tales of The Arabian Nights was | show 🗑
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| show | the prevalence of mercenaries in the military.
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| show | the Far East.
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| show | emissaries sent by Charlemagne returned with stories about the untold wealth of the city.
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| By the ninth and tenth centuries, the once mighty Abbasid Caliphate was showing signs of decay. A major problem was | show 🗑
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| This area was never under the direct rule of the Abbasid caliphate. | show 🗑
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| show | Spain.
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| established free schools and libraries. | show 🗑
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| show | Granada.
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| show | Spanish Christian hero.
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| Spain after Christian leaders defeated the Muslims | show 🗑
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| show | Ibn Rushd.
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| preserved both the Greek traditions and Persian and Indian texts. | show 🗑
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| studied and enlarged upon Indian traditions of numerical reckoning, including the concept of zero. | show 🗑
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| were especially advanced in the development of navigational devices such as the astrolabe., made substantial progress in the study of optics. | show 🗑
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| show | Arabic astronomers
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| became so famous that an Iraqi doctor even traveled to Egypt to hear him lecture. | show 🗑
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| show | alchemy
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| tower for calling the faithful to prayer. | show 🗑
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| has a huge central courtyard, second only in size to the courtyard surrounding the Ka'bah in Mecca. | show 🗑
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| has a highly sophisticated systems of water fountains, gardens, and ornate salons. | show 🗑
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| flowing cadences and style of the Qur'an both prose and poetry., Poets lavish court patronage by Umayyads and the Abbasids., employed to glorify conquests or to vilify political opponents of Caliphs or military leaders., Love poems were extremely popular. | show 🗑
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| adopted the motto "Live honorably or die heroically." | show 🗑
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| fused with the musical traditions of the Byzantines, the Syrians, and other eastern empires., Both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphs were known for their patronage of musicians., It stressed melodies with complex nuances and ornamentation. , | show 🗑
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| show | Muslim art
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| The pope who called for the first Crusade was | show 🗑
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| called on Christians to unite and attack the Muslim "infidel." | show 🗑
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| Pope hoped to unite the eastern Mediterranean and the divided Christian west , The Byzantine Empire buffer between the Muslim east and the Catholic west., Seljuk Turks no longer able to ensure the safety of the Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy sites. | show 🗑
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| In the 700s C.E. the education of children was primarily the responsibility of | show 🗑
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| The First Crusade began in | show 🗑
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| show | Muslim/Arab world at the beginning of the period of the Crusades
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| Under the atabeg system, slave-tutors to the royal princes rose to key positions and often overthrew their former masters, The atabegs and Turkish mercenaries joined forces to take control from the Abbasid rulers | show 🗑
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| show | The Fatimid Caliphate
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| economic strength derived from the sale of farm products and gold to European merchants., built the oldest active university in the world., made Cairo a great cultural center., built many mosques and public works. | show 🗑
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| The Mamluk rebellion hastened the collapse of the dynasty of the | show 🗑
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| The Crusader states were located chiefly in | show 🗑
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| show | the Middle East controlled by the Crusaders
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| show | Italian city states.
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| show | Salah ed-Din (Saladin).
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| ended any chance of Crusader expansion into the heartland of the Arab world. | show 🗑
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| show | The Third Crusade
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| The short-lived Latin Empire of Constantinople occurred during the | show 🗑
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| show | Acre in 1291.
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| introduction of Europeans new foods n luxury items, silks brocades, perfumes soaps., Italian traders establish direct trade w Muslim world.Salah ed-Din encouraged trade, treaties between the Muslim states and the Crusaders ensured free passage of goods. | show 🗑
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| increased religious animosities between the Christian and Muslim worlds., fostered further religious disputes among Christians., Outraged by excesses and massacres inflicted by the Crusaders, many eastern Christians subsequently converted to Islam. | show 🗑
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| The Mongols began their path of conquest from | show 🗑
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| the areas conquered by Genghis Khan was | show 🗑
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| practiced unlimited polygyny., prescribed that an heir marry all his late father's wives except his own mother., religion consisted of worship of a great god and spirits, as interpreted by shamans. | show 🗑
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| show | Korea., northern China., the Caspian Sea., most of the length of the Yellow River.
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| Heinrich Schliemann is most famous for discovering | show 🗑
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| Temuchin was acclaimed as "Genghis Khan" in | show 🗑
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| Genghis Khan succeeded in taking a walled town of the Hsi Hsia through the use of | show 🗑
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| Towns that resisted were razed and their people put to the sword., capital fell in 1215 and was systematically looted. | show 🗑
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| was professional astrologer from a nomadic aristocratic clan. | show 🗑
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| The farthest western movement of the Mongols under Genghis Kahn was | show 🗑
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| In being a military genius and a superb adapter and improver of existing practices, rather than an innovator, Genghis Khan was similar to | show 🗑
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| show | As administrator and lawgiver, Genghis Khan
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| the provisions of the Mongol code known as the Yasa | show 🗑
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| Among the lands invaded by Batu was | show 🗑
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| show | Peking.
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| show | Korea.
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| Kubilai's tribute-enrolling expedition was a costly failure | show 🗑
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| show | Assassins
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| The battle at the Spring of Goliath in 1260 was a turning point in history because | show 🗑
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| show | Under the Pax Mongolica,
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| show | Yuan dynasty.
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| In crowning himself emperor, Kubilai can be compared with | show 🗑
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| show | southern Chinese.
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| show | reason Mongols favor Muslims
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| International trade flourished., The Mongol government fostered agricultural recovery, but did not allow the peasants to benefit., To most Chinese the Yuan era was a period of unprecedented degradation. | show 🗑
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| show | Kubilai Khan's religious policies
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| In their love of strong alcoholic drinks, Mongols were akin to | show 🗑
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| show | Hulagu
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| show | conversion of the il-khan to Islam around 1300
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| show | The Golden Horde
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| The integration of Mongols fully into Russian life was prevented in large part by the conversion of the Mongols to | show 🗑
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| show | Khanate of Chagatai
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| show | Persia, Russia, India
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| Timurlane was the benefactor of | show 🗑
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| a reduction of the population of China by half. | show 🗑
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| the forging of a national and racial consciousness among the Russian people., Russian fear of the "Yellow Peril.", the spread of the Turkish ethnic/linguistic group throughout west Asia. the collapse of Asian Christianity, both Nestorian and Catholic. | show 🗑
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| an end of Arab dominance of the Muslim world., the elimination of Buddhism in central Asia., advances in the development of weaponry (e.g., gunpowder)., a revival of commercial and cultural exchange across Eurasia. | show 🗑
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| show | Sicily, Seville, the Turks
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| show | il-Khanid Dynasty
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| show | The Shahnama
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| Persian poetry includes The Rubaiyat by | show 🗑
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| show | Egypt.
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| The average reign of a Mamluk Sultan was | show 🗑
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| succeeded in driving the Crusaders out of the Syrian provinces., repel four major invasions by the Mongols., | show 🗑
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| show | Ibn Khaldun
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| The Turkish ghazis were adherents of | show 🗑
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| guild-like organizations. | show 🗑
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| show | Adrianople.
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| show | Mehmet II.
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| occurred in 1453., The Ottoman attackers used cannon, gunpowder, timbers, and bows and arrows., The actual siege lasted 54 days ., Most Byzantine citizens preferred the toleration of the Ottoman Muslims to the intolerance of the papacy. | show 🗑
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