VETERINARY-General Osteopathology
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| What cells are osteoblasts and osteocytes derived from? | show 🗑
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| show | Monocytes
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| show | Osteoid
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| show | Basophilic cytoplasm, prominent Golgi zone, eccentric nuclei, one small nucleolus
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| Name at least 4 functions of osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| What name is given to osteoblasts when they have become surrounded by osteoid and are embedded in bone? | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma cells
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| show | 1) Genetic ability to synthesise osteoid (osteogenesis imperfecta) 2) Substrates for osteoid production (Protein for collagen and proteoglycan synth,Copper + Vitamin C for collagen fibril cross linkages)
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| What happens if osteoblasts undergo malignant transformation? | show 🗑
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| What are the most abundant cells of bone tissue? | show 🗑
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| What cells are primarily responsible for bone resorption? | show 🗑
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| What do osteoclasts look like histologically? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Create a locally acidic environment between themselves and bone 2) Acid then demineralises bone and enhances acid hydrolase activity released from the osteoclast 3) Fragments of degraded matrix are endocytosed by osteoclasts, 2* lysosome digestion
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| What happens to osteoclasts once their resorptive phase is complete? | show 🗑
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| What happens if osteoclasts are defective? | show 🗑
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| show | Toxic or viral damage to osteoclasts (lead, BVD, canine distemper virus)
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| Name the 2 main components of bone matrix | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Type I collagen (main component of osteoid) 2) Osteocalcin (Vit K dep) 3) Osteonectin 4) Proteoglycans 5) Growth factors
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| show | Calcium and Phosphorous
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| Name 6 components required for the mineralization of osteoid | show 🗑
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| Name 2 hormones and 1 hormone like substance that promote bone resorption (increase blood Ca) | show 🗑
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| show | Calcitonin and Estrogen
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| show | Lamellar bone and Woven bone
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| Would you find lamellar or woven bone at sites of rapid bone formation such as fracture repair, neoplasia, or inflammation? | show 🗑
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| show | Cortical bone, trabecular bone is referred to as cancellous or spongy bone + has interconnected plates of either woven or lamellar bone
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| Bones have blood vessels and nerves. True or False? | show 🗑
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| show | Intramembranous ossification
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| show | Endochondral ossification
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| How does blood reach the marrow cavity? | show 🗑
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| show | Wolff's law
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| show | True
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| show | Angular limb deformity may result from focal physeal damage. If the blood supply on the epiphyseal side is still intact, the prognosis for this dog is good.
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| show | A benign new growth projecting from a bone surface and characteristically capped by cartilage
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| What is 'Codman's triangle'? | show 🗑
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| show | Absolutely not! Due to the predilection site, it could be due to an osteosarcoma. Check lungs for metastases
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| show | A clean break of the bone
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| What is a Communicated fracture? | show 🗑
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| What is an Impacted fracture? | show 🗑
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| show | A fracture where the periosteum is still intact...this is good as it is easy to repair
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| What is an Avulsion fracture? | show 🗑
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| Bone repairs by scar formation as oppsed to regeneration. True or False? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Adequate stabilisation of bone 2) Close aposition of bone 3) Aseptic technique to prevent infection
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| Name the 6 steps in fracture repair | show 🗑
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| Describe the tissues involved in callus formation | show 🗑
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| What term is used to describe necrotic bone fragments? | show 🗑
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