VETERINARY-General Osteopathology
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| What cells are osteoblasts and osteocytes derived from? | show 🗑
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| show | Monocytes
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| show | Osteoid
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| show | Basophilic cytoplasm, prominent Golgi zone, eccentric nuclei, one small nucleolus
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| Name at least 4 functions of osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| What name is given to osteoblasts when they have become surrounded by osteoid and are embedded in bone? | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma cells
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| show | 1) Genetic ability to synthesise osteoid (osteogenesis imperfecta) 2) Substrates for osteoid production (Protein for collagen and proteoglycan synth,Copper + Vitamin C for collagen fibril cross linkages)
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| What happens if osteoblasts undergo malignant transformation? | show 🗑
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| What are the most abundant cells of bone tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoclasts
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| What do osteoclasts look like histologically? | show 🗑
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| How do osteoclasts resorb bone? | show 🗑
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| show | Apoptosis
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| What happens if osteoclasts are defective? | show 🗑
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| What can cause segmental bone density (sclerosis)? | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoid and Hydroxyapatite
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| What are the 5 main components of osteoid? | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium and Phosphorous
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| show | 1) Active Vit D 2) Ionised Ca 3) Phosphorous 4) Osteonectin 5) Osteocalcin 6) Vitamin K
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| Name 2 hormones and 1 hormone like substance that promote bone resorption (increase blood Ca) | show 🗑
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| show | Calcitonin and Estrogen
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| show | Lamellar bone and Woven bone
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| Would you find lamellar or woven bone at sites of rapid bone formation such as fracture repair, neoplasia, or inflammation? | show 🗑
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| show | Cortical bone, trabecular bone is referred to as cancellous or spongy bone + has interconnected plates of either woven or lamellar bone
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| show | True
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| Name the type of ossification that forms bone directly from condensed mesenchymal tissue and occurs in the developing skull and on all periosteal bone surfaces. | show 🗑
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| show | Endochondral ossification
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| show | Blood enters the marrow cavity of bones through nutrient, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal arteries
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| What law states that bone is deposited at sites where it is required and resorbed at sites where it is not? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| A young dog has focal physeal damage. What deformity might this cause and what element may lead to a good prognosis of this injury? | show 🗑
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| Define exostoses | show 🗑
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| What is 'Codman's triangle'? | show 🗑
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| show | Absolutely not! Due to the predilection site, it could be due to an osteosarcoma. Check lungs for metastases
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| What is a Simple fracture | show 🗑
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| show | A fracture with several fragments
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| What is an Impacted fracture? | show 🗑
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| What is a Greenstick fracture? | show 🗑
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| show | A fracture where a bone fragment is torn away with tendon or ligament
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| show | False-bone always repairs by regeneration
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| Name 3 things a surgeon can do to aid in a sucessful fracture repair | show 🗑
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| Name the 6 steps in fracture repair | show 🗑
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| Describe the tissues involved in callus formation | show 🗑
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| show | Sequestrae
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