vitamins and minerals
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| Four general characteristics of vitamins and minerals | no caloric value, provided in sufficient amounts in a well balanced diet, lost or destroyed through improper storage, help regulate body functions
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| Fat soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K
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| Avitaminosis | disease due to lack of vitamins caused by dietary lack of problems with absorption or an increase in the body's needs.
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| Hypervitaminosis | Toxicity caused by an excessive amount of vitamins.
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| hypervitaminosis is due to..... | Increase in supplements
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| vitamin deficiencies are caused by | dietary lack, problems with absorption, or increase in body's needs.
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| fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the | liver
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| Three factors affecting the body's utilization of fat-soluble vitamins | not absorbed properly unless sufficient fatty foods are eaten, lost in foods not properly stored, not absorbed if used of mineral oil or laxative near meal time.
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| water-soluble vitamins | vitamin c, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12,, Biotin, Folic Acid
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| water solute vitamins are excreted by the body through | Urine
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| Which water-soluble vitamins is stored in the body and where is it stored? | B12, liver.
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| Which vitamin should be increased in cigratte smokers | vitamin c
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| Major function of Vitamin A | vision
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| Three sources of Vitamin A | retinol liver, milk, yellow vegetables, fruits
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| Deficiency of vitamin A causes | night blindness, keratosis.
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| Vitamin A is eaisly destroyed by heat & light. FAts are left in heat and become______. Cooking in an open pot is more destructive than__________. | Rancid,heating with a lid.
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| What is the major function of vitamin D | regulation of calcium & phosphorus meatabolism
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| natural source of vitamin D | Sunlight
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| Which dairy products if fortified with vitamin D | milk
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| Three sources of Vitamin D other than sunlight | fish oils, liver, egg yolk
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| A deficiency of vitamin D causes_______in children and ________ in adults. | ricketts, osteomalacia
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| An excess of vitamin D could cause the formation of__________ due to increased calcium absorption. | Renal calculi
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| the best source of vitamin E | vegetable oil
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| the functions of vitamin E are: | prevents destruction of RBC's, helps stabalize cell membrane.
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| The sources of Vitamin K | dark green leafy vegetables, liver, dairy products
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| the major function of vitamin k is | blood clotting
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| a deficiency of vitamin k leads to | hemorrhaging
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| vitamin k is produced in the________by_______. | intestine, bacteria
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| which age group is most likely to be deficient in vitamin k? | newborn infants
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| vitamin A | retinol
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| Vitamin D | calciferol
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| Vitamin E | Tocopherol
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| Vitamin K | menadione
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| vitamin B1 | thiamine
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| Vitiman B2 | riboflavin
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| Vitamin B6 | pyridoxine
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| Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin
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| Vitamin C | ascorbic acid
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| Vitamin B3 | Niacin
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| Vitamin B5 | Pantothenic Acid
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| the functions of thiamine are: | metabolism of CHO, normal appetite/digestion, proper nerve function
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| the very best source of thiamine is_______. Other good sources are_____,______,_______, and________. | whole grains, liver, pork, wheat germ, yeast.
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| two groups of patients most likely to have a deficiency of thiamine are | alcoholics, kidney pts.
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| Riboflavin is another name for | B2
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| The best sources of riboflavin are _______,______and________. | whole grain cerals, green leafty vegetables, milk.
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| Riboflavin deficiencies is manifested by_____ in the corners of the mouth, ________ weight and appetite,________in the eyes, ________ if the lips and tongue. | cracking, loss of, changer, inflammation.
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| Pyridoxine in vitamin B | 6
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| It is virtually important in the transmission of | nerve impulses
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| Give two times when the need for B6 increases | pregnancy, periods of stress
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| the best source of pyridoxine is_______ and __________. | whole grain cerals, organ meats
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| Which disease causes a deficiency in B6 | TB
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| vitamin B12 is also called | cobalamin
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| B12 is important in the___________ of normal RBC. | production
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| A condition associated with B12 deficiency is | perniclous anemia
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| what substance in necessary for the absorption of B12 | intrinsic factor
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| useful in lowering blood cholesterol | niacin
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| where is niacin found | organ meats, breads, cerals, nuts, lugumes, and yeast.
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| a deficiency disease not commonly seen in the US and is assiocated with three symptoms which are | pellagra, diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
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| Folic acids helps in the formation of______, a structural protein. | collagen
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| what type of vegetables are most likely to contain Folic Acid | green leafy
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| another name for vitamin C | ascorbic acid
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| vitamin c functions in _____and____ healing. | wound & tissue
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| vitamin C deficiency causes | scurvy
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| the best source of vitamin c are | citrus fruits
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| vitamin c is needed for the proper absorption of | iron
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| minerals are classfied are | major or trace
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| the minerals most frequently found to be lacking in the american diet are________and______. | calcium and iron
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| the three periods of greatest need for calcium are | pregnancy, lactation, childhood
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| four functions of calcium are | healthy bones and teeth, muscle contraction & relaxation, regular heart contractions, blood clotting
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| osteormalacia | softening of the bones
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| which vitamin in necessary in the absorption of calcium | vitamin D
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| Phosphorus is found mostly in | bones and teeth
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| besides dairy products, phosphorus is found in high amounts in | carbonated soft drinks
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| interferes with phosphorous absorption | antacids
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| although iron is present only in small amounts in the body, it is of great importance. The function of iron is: | to carry O2 to the tissue
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| The best source of iron | liver
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| A deficiency of iron results in | anemia
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| Iodine is used by the body in the | thyroid gland
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| A deficiency in iodine results in | goiter
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| Three functions of potassium are: | acid/base balance, heart function, nerve impulse conduction, fluid balance.
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| Potassium deficiency causes ______and______. | muscular weakness, cardiac symptoms
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| What class of drugs is closely associated with potassium deficiency? | diuretics (fluid pills)
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| the functions of sodium include: | fluid balance, acid-base balance, proper functioning of nerve & muscle tissue.
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| Foods from_______sources are higher than those from____sources. | animal, plant
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| excessive ingestion of sodium can cause | edema/swelling
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| the daily sodium requirements is | 1-3 grams.
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| chloride | needed for acid production in the stomach
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| fluoride | prevents dental decay
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| magnesium | needed for nerve impulse conduction
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| selenium | structure of enzymes
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| sulfur | structure of proteins
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| zinc | required for proper insulin function.
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