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Nutrition 4
vitamins and minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four general characteristics of vitamins and minerals | no caloric value, provided in sufficient amounts in a well balanced diet, lost or destroyed through improper storage, help regulate body functions |
| Fat soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K |
| Avitaminosis | disease due to lack of vitamins caused by dietary lack of problems with absorption or an increase in the body's needs. |
| Hypervitaminosis | Toxicity caused by an excessive amount of vitamins. |
| hypervitaminosis is due to..... | Increase in supplements |
| vitamin deficiencies are caused by | dietary lack, problems with absorption, or increase in body's needs. |
| fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the | liver |
| Three factors affecting the body's utilization of fat-soluble vitamins | not absorbed properly unless sufficient fatty foods are eaten, lost in foods not properly stored, not absorbed if used of mineral oil or laxative near meal time. |
| water-soluble vitamins | vitamin c, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12,, Biotin, Folic Acid |
| water solute vitamins are excreted by the body through | Urine |
| Which water-soluble vitamins is stored in the body and where is it stored? | B12, liver. |
| Which vitamin should be increased in cigratte smokers | vitamin c |
| Major function of Vitamin A | vision |
| Three sources of Vitamin A | retinol liver, milk, yellow vegetables, fruits |
| Deficiency of vitamin A causes | night blindness, keratosis. |
| Vitamin A is eaisly destroyed by heat & light. FAts are left in heat and become______. Cooking in an open pot is more destructive than__________. | Rancid,heating with a lid. |
| What is the major function of vitamin D | regulation of calcium & phosphorus meatabolism |
| natural source of vitamin D | Sunlight |
| Which dairy products if fortified with vitamin D | milk |
| Three sources of Vitamin D other than sunlight | fish oils, liver, egg yolk |
| A deficiency of vitamin D causes_______in children and ________ in adults. | ricketts, osteomalacia |
| An excess of vitamin D could cause the formation of__________ due to increased calcium absorption. | Renal calculi |
| the best source of vitamin E | vegetable oil |
| the functions of vitamin E are: | prevents destruction of RBC's, helps stabalize cell membrane. |
| The sources of Vitamin K | dark green leafy vegetables, liver, dairy products |
| the major function of vitamin k is | blood clotting |
| a deficiency of vitamin k leads to | hemorrhaging |
| vitamin k is produced in the________by_______. | intestine, bacteria |
| which age group is most likely to be deficient in vitamin k? | newborn infants |
| vitamin A | retinol |
| Vitamin D | calciferol |
| Vitamin E | Tocopherol |
| Vitamin K | menadione |
| vitamin B1 | thiamine |
| Vitiman B2 | riboflavin |
| Vitamin B6 | pyridoxine |
| Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin |
| Vitamin C | ascorbic acid |
| Vitamin B3 | Niacin |
| Vitamin B5 | Pantothenic Acid |
| the functions of thiamine are: | metabolism of CHO, normal appetite/digestion, proper nerve function |
| the very best source of thiamine is_______. Other good sources are_____,______,_______, and________. | whole grains, liver, pork, wheat germ, yeast. |
| two groups of patients most likely to have a deficiency of thiamine are | alcoholics, kidney pts. |
| Riboflavin is another name for | B2 |
| The best sources of riboflavin are _______,______and________. | whole grain cerals, green leafty vegetables, milk. |
| Riboflavin deficiencies is manifested by_____ in the corners of the mouth, ________ weight and appetite,________in the eyes, ________ if the lips and tongue. | cracking, loss of, changer, inflammation. |
| Pyridoxine in vitamin B | 6 |
| It is virtually important in the transmission of | nerve impulses |
| Give two times when the need for B6 increases | pregnancy, periods of stress |
| the best source of pyridoxine is_______ and __________. | whole grain cerals, organ meats |
| Which disease causes a deficiency in B6 | TB |
| vitamin B12 is also called | cobalamin |
| B12 is important in the___________ of normal RBC. | production |
| A condition associated with B12 deficiency is | perniclous anemia |
| what substance in necessary for the absorption of B12 | intrinsic factor |
| useful in lowering blood cholesterol | niacin |
| where is niacin found | organ meats, breads, cerals, nuts, lugumes, and yeast. |
| a deficiency disease not commonly seen in the US and is assiocated with three symptoms which are | pellagra, diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia |
| Folic acids helps in the formation of______, a structural protein. | collagen |
| what type of vegetables are most likely to contain Folic Acid | green leafy |
| another name for vitamin C | ascorbic acid |
| vitamin c functions in _____and____ healing. | wound & tissue |
| vitamin C deficiency causes | scurvy |
| the best source of vitamin c are | citrus fruits |
| vitamin c is needed for the proper absorption of | iron |
| minerals are classfied are | major or trace |
| the minerals most frequently found to be lacking in the american diet are________and______. | calcium and iron |
| the three periods of greatest need for calcium are | pregnancy, lactation, childhood |
| four functions of calcium are | healthy bones and teeth, muscle contraction & relaxation, regular heart contractions, blood clotting |
| osteormalacia | softening of the bones |
| which vitamin in necessary in the absorption of calcium | vitamin D |
| Phosphorus is found mostly in | bones and teeth |
| besides dairy products, phosphorus is found in high amounts in | carbonated soft drinks |
| interferes with phosphorous absorption | antacids |
| although iron is present only in small amounts in the body, it is of great importance. The function of iron is: | to carry O2 to the tissue |
| The best source of iron | liver |
| A deficiency of iron results in | anemia |
| Iodine is used by the body in the | thyroid gland |
| A deficiency in iodine results in | goiter |
| Three functions of potassium are: | acid/base balance, heart function, nerve impulse conduction, fluid balance. |
| Potassium deficiency causes ______and______. | muscular weakness, cardiac symptoms |
| What class of drugs is closely associated with potassium deficiency? | diuretics (fluid pills) |
| the functions of sodium include: | fluid balance, acid-base balance, proper functioning of nerve & muscle tissue. |
| Foods from_______sources are higher than those from____sources. | animal, plant |
| excessive ingestion of sodium can cause | edema/swelling |
| the daily sodium requirements is | 1-3 grams. |
| chloride | needed for acid production in the stomach |
| fluoride | prevents dental decay |
| magnesium | needed for nerve impulse conduction |
| selenium | structure of enzymes |
| sulfur | structure of proteins |
| zinc | required for proper insulin function. |
Created by:
ashleyh5809
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