Study aids for Echo 3 midterm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Complications of bioprosthetic valves: | o Perivalvular leak
o Dehiscence
o Degeneration
o Regurgitation
o Annulus abnormalities
o Stenosis
o Thrombus
o Infective endocarditis
o Calcification
🗑
|
||||
| 12 complications of mechanical valves: | o Perivalvular leak
o Dehiscence
o Degeneration
o Regurgitation
o Annulus abnormalities
o Stenosis
o Thrombus
o Infective endocarditis
o Calcification
o Pannus ingrowth
o Mechanical failure
• Hemolysis
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of tissue which can be used to make bioprosthetic valves: | Dura Mater, Fascia lata, and Bovine pericardium
🗑
|
||||
| 5 secondary etiologies for PHTN: | 1. Increased resistance of pulmonary venous drainage
2. Increased resistance to vascular flow
3. Increased resistance to pulmonary artery flow
4. Hypoventilation
5. Miscellaneous:
🗑
|
||||
| 7 causes of Cardiac Iatrogenic Injury: | 1. Heart Catheterization
2. Balloon valvuloplasty
3. Pericardiocentesis
4. Cardiac pacemakers
5. Myocardial biopsy
6. Cardiac surgery
7. CPR
🗑
|
||||
| 4 Connective Tissue Diseases affecting the heart: | 1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Vasculitis (Takayasu’s)
3. Scleroderma
4. Marfan’s syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| 4 Non-pharmacologic therapies for systemic hypertension: | 1) Weight loss
2) Exercise
3) Reduction in sodium, cholesterol, alcohol, coffee, & tobacco
4) Stress reduction
🗑
|
||||
| Two life-threatening consequences of Cardiac Trauma: | 1) Excessive hemorrhage or blood loss
2) Cardiac tamponade
🗑
|
||||
| 3 iatrogenic injuries from Heart Catheterization: | o Perforated coronary arteries
o Aortic dissections
o Perforation of the cardiac chambers
🗑
|
||||
| 4 iatrogenic injuries caused by CPR: | 1) Laceration of the heart
2) Rupture of the heart
3) RV papillary muscle rupture or dysfunction
4) Laceration or rupture of great vessels
🗑
|
||||
| 5 iatrogenic injuries resulting from Cardiac surgery: | 1) Pericardial effusion/tamponade (most common)
2) Adhesions
3) Extracardial blood clots
4) Compression of RV
5) Pseudoaneurysm (mostly from prosthetic valve placement)
🗑
|
||||
| 7 Signs & Symptoms of PHTN : | 1. Exertional dyspnea
2. Fatigue
3. Dizziness/syncope
4. Chest pain
5. Palpitations
6. Cough/hoarseness
7. Hemoptysis (late in course)
🗑
|
||||
| 5 Echo Findings – PHTN: |
1. Dilated pulmonary artery
2. RV dilatation
3. Paradoxical septal motion
4. Septal hypertrophy
5. RVH
🗑
|
||||
| 4 effects of PHTN on PV motion: |
1. Decreased/absent “a-dip” on M-mode
2. Mid-systolic closure on M-mode
3. Prolonged RV peak-to-peak ejection time intervals
4. Premature PV opening with increased RV end diastolic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| 7 Complications of SYSTEMIC HTN: | 1. Atherosclerotic complications (Angina, MI, acute MI – Most common cause of death for HTN)
2. CHF
3. TIA/CVA
4. Hypertensive renal disease
5. HTN encephalopathy
6. HTN retinopathy
7. AAA/aortic dissection
🗑
|
||||
| 8 Signs & Symptoms, Systemic HTN: |
1. Asymptomatic
2. Headaches
3. Dizziness/blurred vision
4. Palpitations
5. Sweats/pallor
6. Anxiety
7. Dyspnea
8. Chest pain
🗑
|
||||
| 7 Echo Findings, Systemic HTN: | 1. LVH w nrml systolic function – Classic finding
2. LVPO w/ nrml cavity size
3. Reduced LVF– end stage
4. Increased LVEDP → atrial HTN → ↑ resistance to pulmonary venous drainage
5. Aortic root dilatation
6. LAE d/t MR/MAC
7. PE
🗑
|
||||
| 3 Types of Cardiac Trauma: | 1. Non-penetrating/blunt
2. Penetrating
3. Iatrogenic (surgical accident)
🗑
|
||||
| Non-penetrating chest trauma (Blunt Trauma) Accounts for___% of all traumatic deaths annually in the u.s. | 25%
🗑
|
||||
| 6 Echo Findings, Blunt Trauma: | 1. Increased wall thickness at end-diastole (swelling)
2. Regional wall motion abnormalities
3. Increased echogenicity
4. Chamber enlargement
5. Mural thrombus
6. Pericardial effusion
🗑
|
||||
| 4 Complications, Blunt Trauma: | 1. Pericardial effusion (most common) usually bloody
2. Cardiac Tamponade quick or late onset
3. Long-term complication → constrictive pericarditis
4. Cardiac contusion (bruised myocardium)
🗑
|
||||
| 4 Systemic Diseases affecting the heart: | 1) Diabetes Mellitus
2) Hypothyroidism
3) Hyperthyroidism
4) Parathyroid disease
🗑
|
||||
| 4 Pharmacologic therapies for systemic HTN: | 1) Diuretics (1st drug of choice)
2) Beta blockers
3) ACE inhibitors
4) Calcium channel blockers
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of Bioprosthetic valves: | 1) Auto-graft
2) Homograft
3) Heterograft
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of Mechanical valves: | 1) Ball and Cage
2) Tilting Disc
3) Bileaflet Tilting disc.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lefut
Popular Medical sets