fundamentals of body structure
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| The three types of muscle are? | 1. Skeletal (striated) muscle.
2. Smooth (visceral) muscle.
3. Cardiac muscle.
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| Skeletal (striated) muscles are? | voluntary.
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| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include? | 1. Biceps brachii (flexes inferior arm.)
2. Triceps brachii (extends inferior arm).
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| Most voluntary and skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a? | tendon.
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| Smooth (visceral) muscles are? | involuntary (autonomic).
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| Examples of smooth (visceral) muscle are found in the? | GI tract (peristalsis), uterus, blood vessels (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), and the urinary bladder.
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| Cardiac muscle is? | involuntary.
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| Cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated? | all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated.
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| This causes the cardiac muscles cells to? | contract together.
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| Cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to? | receive an impulse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse.
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| A steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called? | muscle tone.
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| Some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells? | are at rest.
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| Then those at rest will contract while those that were contracting will go into? | relaxation.
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| This allows us to maintain body posture by? | long periods of time without tiring.
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| This is accomplished because nerve impulses? | alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest.
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| Two types of muscle contraction include? | 1. Isotonic
2. Isometric.
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| Isotonic contractions occur when? | lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same.
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| Isometric contractions occur when? | pushing against a wall, the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone (tension)against the muscle increases.
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| The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action is the? | origin (anchor).
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| The movable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen, is called the? | insertion (action)
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| Muscles can be named according to their action such as? | 1. Adductor (movement of a limb toward the midline of the body).
2. Abductor (movement of a limb away from the midline of the body).
3. Flexor (bending a limb at a joint).
4. Extensor (extending a limb at a joint).
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| Muscles can be named according to their shape such as? | 1. Quadratus (square).
2. Trapezius (triangular).
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| Muscles can be named according to their origin and insertion such as the? | sternocleidmastoid.
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| Sternocleidmastoid muscles are primarily used to? | move the head.
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| Muscles can be named according to their location such as? | 1. Frontailis
2. Tibialis.
3. Radialis.
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| The frontalis muscles? | raises your eyebrows.
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| Muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as? | 1. Biceps brachii.
2. Triceps brachii.
3. Quadriceps.
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| Muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers such as? | transverse or oblique (slanted)
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| Muscles that rotate a limb are called? | rotators (pitchers).
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| Movement of the foot upward is called? | dorsiflexion.
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| Movement of the foot toward the ground is called? | plantar flexion.
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| Turning the palm so that is faces the ground is called? | pronation.
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| The two muscles that cause your palm to face downward are called the? | pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
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| Turning the palm upwards is called? | supination.
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| The muscle that causes your palm to face upward is called the? | supinator muscle (waitress)
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| The muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the? | occipitalis.
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| The muscles involved in smiling and laughing are called? | zygomaticus.
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| The muslces that close the jaw are the? | masseter and temporalis.
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| The muscles that move the scapula include the? | 1. Levator scapulae (shrug).
2. Rhomboids.
3. Pectoralis minor.
4. Trapezius.
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| The muscle that flexes and adducts the arm is called the? | pectoralis major.
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| The muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially (swimming) is called the? | latissimus dorsi.
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| The muscle that abducts the arm and is a site for intramuscular (IM) injections is called the? | deltoid.
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| The muscle that flexes the wrist is called the? | flexor carpi.
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| The muscle that extends the wrist is called the? | extensor carpi.
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| The muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called? | flexor digitora.
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| The muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called? | extensor digitora.
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| The muscle that flexes the thumb is called the? | flexor pollicis (text messaging).
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| The muscle that extends the thumb is called the? | extensor pollicis (hitch hike).
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| The muscle that moves the thumb toward midline is called the? | adductor pollicis.
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| The muscle that moves the thumb away from the midline is called the? | abductor pollicis.
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| The muscle that flexes and opposes the thumb and is used when we write is called the? | opponens pollicis (opposition).
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| The muscles that make up the abdominal wall include? | 1. External oblique.
2. Internal oblique.
3. Transversus abdominis.
4. Rectus abdominis ("washboard").
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| The muscles of ventilation includes? | 1. Diaphragm.
2. Internal intercostals.
3. External intercostals.
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| The muscles of the buttocks include? | 1. Gluteus maximus (cheek).
2. Gluteus minimus.
3. Gluteus medius (IM injections).
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| The muscles that flex the knee include? | 1. Biceps femoris.
2. Semitendiousus.
3. Semimembranosus.
4. Popliteus.
5. Gracilis.
6. Sartorius.
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| The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the? | "hamstrings."
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| The muscles that extend the knee include? | 1. Rectus femoris.
2. Vastus lateralis (IM injections).
3. Vastus medialis.
4. Vastus intermedius.
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| The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials and vastus intermedius make up the? | quadriceps femoris group.
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| The five muscles that plantar flex the foot (bring it downward) include? | 1. Gastrocemius (calf).
2. Tibialis posterior.
3. Soleus.
4. Peroneus longus.
5. Plantaris.
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| Two muscles dorisflex the foot (bring it upward) include? | 1. Tibialis anterior.
2. Peroneus tertius.
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| Humans have ______ skeletal muscles.? | 650.
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| If all the skeletal muscles worked together, they could lift? | 11 tons.
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Created by:
Penny S
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