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Muscular System 3
fundamentals of body structure
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The three types of muscle are? | 1. Skeletal (striated) muscle. 2. Smooth (visceral) muscle. 3. Cardiac muscle. |
Skeletal (striated) muscles are? | voluntary. |
Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include? | 1. Biceps brachii (flexes inferior arm.) 2. Triceps brachii (extends inferior arm). |
Most voluntary and skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a? | tendon. |
Smooth (visceral) muscles are? | involuntary (autonomic). |
Examples of smooth (visceral) muscle are found in the? | GI tract (peristalsis), uterus, blood vessels (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), and the urinary bladder. |
Cardiac muscle is? | involuntary. |
Cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated? | all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated. |
This causes the cardiac muscles cells to? | contract together. |
Cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to? | receive an impulse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse. |
A steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called? | muscle tone. |
Some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells? | are at rest. |
Then those at rest will contract while those that were contracting will go into? | relaxation. |
This allows us to maintain body posture by? | long periods of time without tiring. |
This is accomplished because nerve impulses? | alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest. |
Two types of muscle contraction include? | 1. Isotonic 2. Isometric. |
Isotonic contractions occur when? | lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same. |
Isometric contractions occur when? | pushing against a wall, the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone (tension)against the muscle increases. |
The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action is the? | origin (anchor). |
The movable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen, is called the? | insertion (action) |
Muscles can be named according to their action such as? | 1. Adductor (movement of a limb toward the midline of the body). 2. Abductor (movement of a limb away from the midline of the body). 3. Flexor (bending a limb at a joint). 4. Extensor (extending a limb at a joint). |
Muscles can be named according to their shape such as? | 1. Quadratus (square). 2. Trapezius (triangular). |
Muscles can be named according to their origin and insertion such as the? | sternocleidmastoid. |
Sternocleidmastoid muscles are primarily used to? | move the head. |
Muscles can be named according to their location such as? | 1. Frontailis 2. Tibialis. 3. Radialis. |
The frontalis muscles? | raises your eyebrows. |
Muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as? | 1. Biceps brachii. 2. Triceps brachii. 3. Quadriceps. |
Muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers such as? | transverse or oblique (slanted) |
Muscles that rotate a limb are called? | rotators (pitchers). |
Movement of the foot upward is called? | dorsiflexion. |
Movement of the foot toward the ground is called? | plantar flexion. |
Turning the palm so that is faces the ground is called? | pronation. |
The two muscles that cause your palm to face downward are called the? | pronator teres and pronator quadratus. |
Turning the palm upwards is called? | supination. |
The muscle that causes your palm to face upward is called the? | supinator muscle (waitress) |
The muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the? | occipitalis. |
The muscles involved in smiling and laughing are called? | zygomaticus. |
The muslces that close the jaw are the? | masseter and temporalis. |
The muscles that move the scapula include the? | 1. Levator scapulae (shrug). 2. Rhomboids. 3. Pectoralis minor. 4. Trapezius. |
The muscle that flexes and adducts the arm is called the? | pectoralis major. |
The muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially (swimming) is called the? | latissimus dorsi. |
The muscle that abducts the arm and is a site for intramuscular (IM) injections is called the? | deltoid. |
The muscle that flexes the wrist is called the? | flexor carpi. |
The muscle that extends the wrist is called the? | extensor carpi. |
The muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called? | flexor digitora. |
The muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called? | extensor digitora. |
The muscle that flexes the thumb is called the? | flexor pollicis (text messaging). |
The muscle that extends the thumb is called the? | extensor pollicis (hitch hike). |
The muscle that moves the thumb toward midline is called the? | adductor pollicis. |
The muscle that moves the thumb away from the midline is called the? | abductor pollicis. |
The muscle that flexes and opposes the thumb and is used when we write is called the? | opponens pollicis (opposition). |
The muscles that make up the abdominal wall include? | 1. External oblique. 2. Internal oblique. 3. Transversus abdominis. 4. Rectus abdominis ("washboard"). |
The muscles of ventilation includes? | 1. Diaphragm. 2. Internal intercostals. 3. External intercostals. |
The muscles of the buttocks include? | 1. Gluteus maximus (cheek). 2. Gluteus minimus. 3. Gluteus medius (IM injections). |
The muscles that flex the knee include? | 1. Biceps femoris. 2. Semitendiousus. 3. Semimembranosus. 4. Popliteus. 5. Gracilis. 6. Sartorius. |
The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the? | "hamstrings." |
The muscles that extend the knee include? | 1. Rectus femoris. 2. Vastus lateralis (IM injections). 3. Vastus medialis. 4. Vastus intermedius. |
The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials and vastus intermedius make up the? | quadriceps femoris group. |
The five muscles that plantar flex the foot (bring it downward) include? | 1. Gastrocemius (calf). 2. Tibialis posterior. 3. Soleus. 4. Peroneus longus. 5. Plantaris. |
Two muscles dorisflex the foot (bring it upward) include? | 1. Tibialis anterior. 2. Peroneus tertius. |
Humans have ______ skeletal muscles.? | 650. |
If all the skeletal muscles worked together, they could lift? | 11 tons. |