Sinkhorn-Infertility
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| causes of female infertility | anovulation, endometriosis, adhesions, tubal disease, stenotic cervix, uterine abnormalities, genetic anomalies (Turner syndrome), elevated prolactin, sperm antibodies
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| Turner's syndrome | 45XO: one X c'some missing or has an abnormality
clinical features: short stature, webbed necks, broad chest, low hairline, and low set ears
gonadal dysfunction: amenorrhea and sterility
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| hyperprolactinemia | cause of female infertility
prolactin suppresses ovulation by suppressing gonadotropins
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| causes of male infertility | varicocele, testicular disease (Klinefelter's syndrome), secondary hypogonadism, impotence (alcohol, smoking), sperm autoantibodies, infection (mumps)
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| varicocele | abnormal enlargement of of vein in scrotum that drains the testicles and leads to improper temperature for sperm maturation
main cause of male infertility
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| Klinefelter's syndrome | 47 XXY
most common sex c'some disorder in males
most pronounced effects: hypogonadism and reduced fertility
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| mumps | can lead to orchitis and sterility in teenage males or men
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| infertility Dx | medical Hx, sexual Hx, PE, pelvic exam with pap, STD testing, wet prep, basal body temp charting, endometrial biopsy, semen analysis, hormone testing, HSG
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| infertility Tx | timed intercourse, ovulation prediction, hormone therapy, prolactin suppression, artificial insemination, ovulation induction, Tx of endometriosis, Tx of infection, surgical therapy
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