11/21 micro PBL exam
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| Group B Streptococci | Gram-positive cocci, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobe, Beta-hemolytic identified by CSF or urine gram stain and CSF, urine or blood culture
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae | Gram-positive cocci, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobe, alpha-hemolytic, does not grow in culture in presence of optochin or bile, positive Quellung test
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| Bacillus anthracis | Gram-positive spore-forming rod, aerobe, PCR of nasal swab
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| Clostridium botulinum | Gram-positive, spore-forming rod, anaerobe, culture in anaerobic conditions
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| Clostridium tetani | Gram-positive, spore-forming rod, anaerobe, drumstick on gram stain with endospore at on end of rod
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| Listeria monocytogens | Gram-positive, non-spore forming rod, facultative anaerobe, can grow at temperatures as low as 0 degrees Celsius
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| Neisseria meningitidis | Gram-negative diplococci, facultative anaerobe, maltose and glucose fermenter, grown on chocolate agar, growth on Thayer Martin VCN
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| Escherichia coli | Gram-Negative rod, Beta-hemolytic, Indole-positive, lactose fermenter, culture CSF can grow at 45.5 degrees Celsius, deep purple on EMB and pink-purple on MacConkey
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| Haemophilus Influenzae Type B | Gram-negative rod, chocolate agar, ELISA studies, positive Quellung test
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| Yersinia Pestis | Gram-negative rod, facultative anaerobe, gram stain will show bipolar staining
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| Francisella tularensis | Gram-negative rod, obligate aerobe, requires cysteine, measure IgG antibody titer
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| Brucella | Gram-negative rod, obligate aerobe, culture bone marrow (best), blood, liver or lymph nodes
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| Pasteurella multocida | Gram-negative rod, facultative anaerobe
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| Coxiella burnetii | Gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite, can grow at pH of 4.5 within phagolysosomes, has endospore form, compliment fixation test for rise in antibody
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| Leptospira interrogans | Gram-negative spirochete, aerobic, periplasmic flagella, culture blood or CSF, ELISA of urine, PCR of serum, CSF and urine
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| Coccidioides immitis | dimorphic fungi, systemic, spores at 25 degrees C, yeast at 37 degrees C, biopsy affected tissue, silver stain or KOH prep, Sabouraud's agar
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| Cryptococcus neoformans | yeast only fungi, polysaccharide capsule, India Ink stain or CSF shows encapsulated yeast, antigen test of CSF
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| Herpes simplex virus | Double-standed linear DNA virus, enveloped, Icosahedral symmetry, Tzanck prep reveals multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies, direct fluorescent antibodies
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| Bunyaviridae | Negative single-stranded RNA, 3 segments, helical symmetry, arthropod vector
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| Enteroviridae | Positive single-stranded RNA, naked icosahedral symmetry, replication in cytoplasm
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| Rhabdoviridae | Negative single-stranded RNA, nonsegmented, Helical nucleocapsid, replication in cytoplasm, negri bodies in CNS
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| Arenaviridae | Negative single-stranded RNA, 2 segments, Helical symmetry, enveloped, replication in cytoplasm, examine blood for virus-specific antibody titer
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| Naegleria fowleri | Amoeba, motile amoeba in CSF with white blood cells
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| Acanthamoeba | Ameoba stage, cyst in brain, CSF reveals cysts and trophozoites
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| Toxoplasma gondii | infectious oocyst, trophozoites, obligate intracellular parasite, high IgM and IgG titers, CT scan shows contrast-enhancing mass in brain
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| Plasmodium falciparum | Blood smear reveals trophozoites, schizonts, gametocytes
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| Trichinella spiralis | cysts in skeletal muscle, increased muscle enzymes in circulating blood, eosinophilia
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| Strongyloides stercoralis | 2 mm long, fecal exam for larvae, eosinophilia
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| Taenia solium | scolex: head with hooks, proglottids, cysticercus, adult can grow 2-8 meters, fecal exam for eggs and proglottids, CT scan can reveal calcified cysticerci, eosinophilia
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| Echinococcus granulosus | hydatid cysts, CT scan shows cysts in liver or lung
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