medical terminology muscular system
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| muscle | my/o
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| myos/o | muscles
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| fascia | fasci/o
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| tendons | tend/o
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| attach muscle to bone | tendon
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| adduction | movement toward the midline
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| abduction | movement away from the midline
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| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormaly
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| ataxia | inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement
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| atrophy | weakness and wasting away
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| contraction | tightening or shortening of a muscle
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| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissue
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| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement, as in a tic or spasm
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| dystaxia | difficulty in controlling voluntary movement
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| dystonia | abnormal muscle tone
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| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
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| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
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| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia
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| fascioplasty | surgical repair of the fascia
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| fasciotomy | surgical incision of the fascia
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| hemiparesis | slight paralysis of one side of the body
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| hyperkinesia | abnormally increased motor function or activity, also known as hyperactivity
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| hypertonia | excessive tone of the skeletal muscles with increased resistance of muscle to passive stretching
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| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function or activity
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| hypotonia | diminished tone of the skeletal muscles with decreased resistance of muscle to passive stretching
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| kinesiology | the study of muscular activity and the resulting movement of body parts
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| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system
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| myalgia | muscle tenderness or pain
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause
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| myectomy | surgical removal of a portion of the muscle
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| myoclonus | spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles
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| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue
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| myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle tissue
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| myoparesis | weakness or slight paralysis of muscle
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| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle
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| myorrhaphy | to suture a muscle wound
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| myorrhexis | rupture of a muscle
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| myositis | inflammaiton of skeletal muscle tissue
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| myotonia | delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction
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| oblique | slanted or at an angle
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| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
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| polymyositis | chronic progressive ds affecting the skeletal muscles that is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| rectus | straight
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| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm, also known as .... hiccups
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| spasmodic torticollis | a stiff neck d/t spasmodic contractions of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck
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| sphincter | ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
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| tardive dyskinesia | late appearance of dyskanesia as a side effect of long-term treatment of certain antipsychotic drugs
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| tenalgia | pain in a tendon
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| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendons d/t excessive or unusual use of a joint
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| tenectomy | surgical removal of a tendon
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| tenodesis | to suture the end of a tendon to bone
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| tenolysis | to free a tendon from adhesions
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| tenonectomy | surgical removal of part of a tendon for the purpose of shortening it
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| tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon
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| tenorrhaphy | suturing of a divided tendon
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| tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon for releif of a deformity
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| smooth muscle | function is to move and control the flow of fluids through structures (walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.)
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| unstriated muscles | same as smooth muscle, do not have dark and light bands
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| involuntary muscles | smooth muscles, not under voluntary control
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| visceral muscles | smooth muscles because they are found in large organs
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| skeletal muscles | attach to the bones of the skeletal system and make movement possible
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| flexion | bending, decreases an angle
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| elevation | raises a body part
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| rotation | turns a bone on its own axis
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| supination | turns the palms upward or forward
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| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| extension | straightening, increases an angle
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| depression | lowers a body part
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| circumduction | turns at the far end
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| pronation | turns the palm downward or backward
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| plantar flexion | bends the foot downward at the ankle
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