Medical Terminology Ch. 11 The special senses Eyes and Ears
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| the process where by the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances | accommodation
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| also known as adnexa oculi, include th orbit, eye muscles, eyelids,eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus | adnexa
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| is a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight without detectable disease of the eye | amblyopia
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| is any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina | ametropia
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| is a condition in which the pupils are unequeal in size | anisocoria
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| is acondition in which the eye does ot focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea | astigmatism
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| is drooping of the upper eyelid | blepharoptosis
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| is the loss of transparency of the lens | cataract
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| also known as internal hordeolum, is a localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction of one of the sebceous (oil-producing) glands of the eyelid | chalazion
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| pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva | conjunctivitis
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| is the surgical repair of the conjunctiva | conjunctivoplasty
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| is the simultaneous inward movement of the two eyes (towards each other), usually in an affort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer | convergence
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| is the inflammation of the lacrimal ssac and is associated with faulty tear drainage | dacryocysitis
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| double vision | diplopia
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| is the eversion(turning outward) of the edge of the eyelid | ectropion
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| is the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina | emmetropia
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| is the inversion (turning inward) of the edge of the eyelid | entropion
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| cross-eyed, the characterized by an inward deviation of one eye in relation to the other | estropia
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| inflammation of the eustachian tubes | eustachitis
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| walleye, is outward deviation of one eye relative to the other | exotropia
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| a surgical procedure in which a new opening is made in the labyrinth of the inner ear to restore hearing | fenestration
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| is a group of diseases characterized by increased introcular pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers | glaucoma
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| blindness in one half of the visual field | hemianopia
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| stye, is an infection of one or more glands at the border of the eyelid | hordeolum
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| farsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina | hyperopia
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| a dye injected into the vein in the arm, and pictures are taken as the dye passes through the blood vessels in the retina | intravenous fluorescein angiography
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| is the surgical removal of a portion of the iris tissue | iridectomy
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| inflammation of the iris | iritis
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| inflammation of the cornea | keratitis
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| radial keratotomy, used to correct myopia | keratotomy
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| the surgical removal of the labyrinith | labyrinithectomy
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| inflammation of the labyrinth that may result in vertigo and deafness | labyrinithitis
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| surgical removal of the mastoid cells | mastoidectomy
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| inflammation of the mastoid process | mastoiditis
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| is a chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by three main symptoms: attack of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus | Meniere's syndrome
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| color blindness | monochromatism
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| nearsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina | myopia
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| is the surgical removal of the mastoid cells | myringectomy
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| inflammation of the typmanic membrane | myringitis
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| also known as a tympanectomy, the surgical removal of all of pary of the tympanic membrane | myringotomy
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| night blindness | nyctalopia
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| is an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball | nystagmus
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| specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eye | ophthalmologist
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| holds a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to detemine whether corrective lenses or eyeglasses are needed | optometrist
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| inflammation of the ear | otis media
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| swimmers ear, a fungal infection of the external auditory canal | otomycosis
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| the surgical repair of the pinna of the ear | otoplasty
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| is the flow of pus from the ear | otopyorrhea
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| bleeding from the ear | otorrhagia
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| is ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss | otosclerosis
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| Choked disk, is swelling and inflammation of the optic never at the point of entrance through the optic disk | papilledema
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| extend, wide open | patulous
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| is the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and bread up a catarect making it easier to remove | phacoemulsification
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| is a progressive hearing loss occuring in old age | presbycusis
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| the changes in the eyes that occur with aging | presbyopia
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| buildup of pus in the middle ear | purulent otisis media
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| laser treatment to reattach a retina | retinopexy
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| inflammation of the sclera | scleritis
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| blind spot, ia an abnormal area of absent or depressed vision surrounded by an area of normal vision | scotoma
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| surgical removal of the stapes | stapedectomy
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| squint, is a disorder in which the eyes cannot be directed in a parellel manner toward the same object | strabismus
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| is an adhesion that binds the iris to any adjacent structure | synechia
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| the surgical removable of a segment of the tarsal plate of the upper or lower eyelid | tarsectomy
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| is the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids | tarsorrhaphy
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| a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in the ears | tinnitus
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| a test that measures intraocular pressure (IOP) | tonometry
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| to treat open-angle glaucoma, creating an opening that allows fluid to drain properly to prevent pressure buildup within the eye | trabeculoplasty
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| surgical removal of all or part of the tympanic membrane also known as a myringectomy | tympanectomy
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| the surgical puncture of the tympanic membrane with a needle to remve fluid from the middle ear | tympanocentesis
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| is an indirect measurment of acoustical energy absorbed of reflected by the middle ear | tympanometry
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| surgical corection of a damaged middle ear | typanoplasty
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| the use of an audiometer to measure hearing | audiometry
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| pediatric ear tubes, tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after ear infections | tympansostomy tubes
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| is a symptom of several conditons, is described as a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance | vertigo
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| also known as dry eye, is drying of eye surfaces characterized by the loss of luster of the conjunctiva | xerophthalmia
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| eyelid | blephar/o
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| hearing | -cusis
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| lacrimal sac, tear sac, | dacryocyst/o
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| iris | irid/o
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| cornea | kerat/o
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| to measure | -metry
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| eyes | ophthalm/o
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| vision condition | -opia
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| ear/hearing | ot/o
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| old age | presby/o
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| false | pseud/o
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| retina, net | retin/o
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| sclera, white of the eye, hard | scler/o
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| turn, change | trop/o
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| tympanic membrane, eardrum | tympan/o
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| right eye | OD
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| left eye | OS
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| each or both eyes | OU
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| right ear | AD
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| left ear | AS
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| each or both ears | AU
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| specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments | audiologist
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| is a physician who specialized in the care of the ears, nose, and throat | otolaryngologist
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| also known as the eye socket, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves | orbit
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| the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet | canthus
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| is where the eyelids meet nearest the nose | inner canthus
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| the vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose | epicanthus
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| also known as the tarsal plate, is the platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape | tarsus
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| is the muscous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball | conjunctiva
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| also known as the tear apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears. | lacrimal apparatus
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| are located above the outer corner of each eye. The glands secrete lacrimal fluid,also known as tears, that maintains moisture on the anterior of the eyeball. | lacrimal glands
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| is the normal continous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands | lacrimation
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| are the ducts at the inner corner of each eye. These ducts collect tears and drain then into the lacrimal sac | lacrimal canlaiculi
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| white of the eye | sclera
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| transparent anteroir portion of the sclera | cornea
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| Also known as the uvea, is the vascular layer of the eye. It includes the chorid, iris, and ciliary body. | uveal tract
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| is the pigmented (colored) muscular layer that surrounds the pupil | iris
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| the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye | pupil
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| also known as the crystalline lens, is the clear, flexible, curved stucture that focuses images on the retina | lens
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| is the sensitive inner nerve layer of the eye located between the posterior chamber and the choroid layer at the back of the eye | retina
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| is the clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina | macula lutea
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| is the pit in the middle of the macula lutea | fovea centralis
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| blind spot, is the region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve | optic disk
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| second vranial nerve (CN II) transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain | optic nerve
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| is located behind the inner surface of the cornea and in front of the iris | anterior chamber
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| is located behind the iris and the front of the lens | posterior chamber
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| also known as aqueous humor | aqueous fluid
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| is the ability of the lens to bend the light rays to help them focus on the retina- also is an examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error and the best corrective lenses to be prescribed | refraction
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| is used to measure visual acuity | Snellen chart
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| the general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens | lensectomy
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| is the absence of the lens of the eye after catarct extraction | aphakia
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| is an eye in which the natural eye lens is replaced with an (IOL) | Pseudophakia
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| is a plastic lens that is surgically implanted to replace the natural lens | intraocular lens (IOL)
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| also known as the auricle, is the external portion of the ear, catches sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal | pinna
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| earwax | cerumen
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| eardrum, located between the outer and middle ear | tympanic membrane
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| three small bones found in the middle ear, Malleus-hammer, Incus- anvil, Stapes-stirrup. | auditory ossicles
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| auditory tubes, narrow tubes, which lead from the middle ear to the nasopharynx, equalize the air pressure in the middle ear with that of the outside atmosphere | eustachian tubes
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| inner ear, contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance | labyrinith
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| located under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separated the middle ear from the inner ear | oval window
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| the spiral passage that leads from the oval window | cochlea
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| eardrum | myring
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| testing involves one ear | monaural
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| testing in both ears | binaural
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| fluid builup in the middle ear that may follow acute otitis media or be caused by an obstruction of the eustachian tube | serious otitis media
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| is an inflammation of the middle ear usually associated with an upper respiratory infection that is most commonly seen in young children | acute otitis media
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| chorid layer or chorid coat, is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball | chorid
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| is a physician who specialized in te care of the ears, nose, and throat | otolaryngologist
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| pertaining to the eye | ocular
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| outside the eyeball | extraocular
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| within the eyeball | intraocular
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| is an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea | corneal abrasion
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| is a pitting of the cornea caused by infection or injury. | corneal ulcer
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| the most common form of glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork becomes blocked | open-angle glaucoma
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| the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannotreach the trabecular meshwork | closed-angle glaucoma
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| is the removal of a cloudy lens that leaves the posterior lens capsule intact | extracapsular cataract extraction
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| is the removal of a cloudy lens including the surrounding capsule | intracapsular cataract extraction
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| is one in which the outer or middle ear does not conduct sound vibrations to the inner ear normally | conductive hearing loss
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| is the result of the loss of denditive hairlike cells of the inner ear (caused by repeated exposure to very intense noise such as aircraft engines, noisy equipment, and loud music | noise-induced hearing loss
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| nerve deafness, is a symptom of problems affecting the inner ear | sensorineural hearing loss
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