Histology Part 2
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| Three basic types of muscle | skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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| The meat or flesh of the body attached to the skeleton | Skeletal muscle
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| Long, cylindrical, and multinucleated cells with striations present | skeletal muscle
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| Location: Attached to bones, tongue, and facial muscles | skeletal muscle
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| Function: body movement, maintain posture, breathing, speaking, controlling waste elimination, and protection | skeletal muscle
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| Function: propel substances along passageway, blood flow, air flow, creates goose bumps, controls pupil size | smooth muscle
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| Location: Many viscera, Iris, uterus, blood vessels, respiratory tubes, attached to hair follicles | smooth muscle
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| Involuntary Muscles | Smooth muscle and Cardiac muscle
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| Voluntary muscles | skeletal muscles
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| Spindle-shaped with central nuclei that are arranged closely to form sheets. No striations present | Smooth muscle
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| Cells branch and are uninucleated that fit together at junctions called intercalated discs with faint striations present | cardiac muscle
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| Location: Heart | cardiac muscle
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| Function: to pump blood | cardiac muscle
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| Two types of cells that make up nervous tissue | neurons and neuroglia
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| Excitable cells because they exhibit signals called action potentials | neurons
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| Supportive and protective; cannot conduct nerve impulses | neuroglia
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| Location: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves | nervous tissue
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| Function: transmit electrical signals from sensory effectors to acceptors | nervous tissue
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| Main components of integumentary system | skin and accessory organs
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| Hair, nails, sweat glands, salivary glands | accessory organs
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| Provides protective covering for deeper tissues, aid in regulating body temperature, retard water loss, house sensory receptors, synthesize various chemicals, and excrete small quantities of wastes | integumentary system
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| Function: serves as a cushion, protection, and insulation | integumentary system
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| 2 distinct regions of the skin | epidermis and dermis
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| Superficial and consists of stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis
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| Deep and consist of connective tissue | dermis
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| Not part of the skin, deep to dermis, and consist of adipose tissue | hypodermis
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| Location: areolar and dense irregular | hypodermis
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| Function: cushion and insulation | hypodermis
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| Avascular and contain 4 or 5 layers | epidermis
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| 5 layers of epidermis | stratum basale, startum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
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| Single row that are mitotic | stratum basale
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| Several layers thick – mitotic but not at the rate of basale | stratum spinosum
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| Thin layer in upper border where cells begin to die | stratum granulosum
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| Clear, thin translucent- only found in thick skin | stratum lucidum
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| 20 – 30 layers deep, horny layer, dead skin layer | stratum corneum
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| Most abundant cell in the epidermis and they produce keratin | keratinocytes
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| Function: gives epidermis durability and protective capability | keratinocytes
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| Spidery black cell, secrete black/brown pigment called melanin | melanocytes
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| Function: protects nuclei of cell from UV rays | melanocytes
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| dense irregular CT; consisting of two principal regions: papillary dermis and reticular dermis | dermis
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| Superficial and composed of areolar CT | papillary dermis
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| Deep and composed of dense irregular CT | reticular dermis
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| Where you’ll find sensory receptors, veins, arteries, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors | dermis
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| Hornlike projectors | nails
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| Inside root, outside shaft | hair
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| Small band of smooth muscle cells which connect each cell to papillary layer | arrector pili
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| Oil glands- found everywhere except palms and soles; empty into hair follicles; acts as lubricant | sebacceuous glands
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| Two types of sweat glands | eccrine/merocine and apocrine
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| Produce clear perspiration | Eccrine/ merocrine
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| Found in armpit and genital area; secrete milky protein and fat rich substances | apocrine
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Created by:
Lisa Hall
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