ch.7
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| buccinator | muscle located in the fleshy part of the cheek
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| temporal | lower jaw
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| masseter | moves lower jaw upward,used when biting and chewing
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| trapezius | triangular-shaped muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder, covers the back of the neck, and pulls shoulder bladdes together
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| latissimus dorsi** | lower back and extends to our armpits
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| pectoralis major** | fan-shaped muscle that crosses the upper part of the front of the chest
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| deltoid | muscle covers the shoulder joint, is used for intramuscular injestion
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| gluteus maximus** | most of the fleshy part of the bottuck. its a large muscle that offers support while standing
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| gluteus medius** | smaller muscle located above the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus, is ine of the muscles used for intramuscular injection
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| hamstring muscle | located in the posterior of the thigh, responsible for flexing the leg on the thigh
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| gastrochemius | main muscle of the calf
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| tibialis anterior | muscle is positioned on the front of the leg
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| atrophy** | wasting away
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| contracture** | abnormal(usually permanent_ bending of a joint into a fixed position, usually caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers
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| fascia** | thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together
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| insertion** | point of attachment, mobile
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| involuntary muscle** | muscle that act without conscious control
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| origin | point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable
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| pelvic girdle weakness** | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle, muscular dystrophy
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| skeletal muscles** | muscle that attach to the bones of the skeleton, also known striated muscle, skeletal muscles act voluntarily
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| smooth muscles | muscles found in the walls of the hollow organs and tubes
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| striated muscle** | muscles that have a striped appreance, skeletal and cardiac muscles are examples
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| tendon | attaches to bone
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| torso** | a.k.a trunk,midsection
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| visceral muscle | muscles of the internal organs
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| voluntary muscle | muscles that operate under conscious control
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| muscular dystrophy | genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscle, there is no evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue
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| rotator cuff tear | a tear in the muscle that form a "cuff over the upper end of the arm
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| strains | injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from overstretching,overextension, or misuse
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| muscle biopsy | extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue, for the purpose of examining it under microscope
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| electromyography | the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current
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| fibrous joint | fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue, immovable joint
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| cartilaginous joint | connected by cartilage, allows limited movement
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| synovial joint | lined with a synovial membrane, which secretea thick lubricating fluid called the synovial fluid
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| hinge joint | movement in one direction
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| ball-and-socket joint** | allows movement in many directions around a central point,ball-shaped head fits int another bone examples are the shoulder and the hip
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| flexion | a bending motion
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| extention | straightening motion
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| abduction | movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
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| adduction | movement of a bone toward the midline of the body
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| rotation | movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis
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| supination | act of turning the palm up or forward
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| pronation | act of turning the palm downward or backward
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| dorsiflexion | foot narrows the angle between the leg and top of the foot
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| plantar flexion | the foot increases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot
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| circumduction | the movement of an extremity around in a circular motion
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| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage of protecting and covering the connective surfaces of the bones
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| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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| bunionectomy** | surgical removal of a bunion
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| bursa | small sac that contains synovial fluid around the joint where friction is most likely to oocur
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| closed reduction | also known as closed manipulation
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| creptation | clicking and cracking sounds heard upon joint movement
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| ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion
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| joint cavity | space between two connecting bones
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| kyphosis | humpback
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| ligaments | connective tissue bands that join bone to bone
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| malaise | vague feeling of weakness
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| photosensitivity** | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
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| sciatica** | inflammtion of the sciatic nerve, marked by pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg
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| subluxation** | incomplete disclocation
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| suture** | immovable joint
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| synovial fluid** | thick lubricating fluid in synovial joints
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| synovial membrane | the lining of a synovial joint cavity
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| viscous** | sticky;gelatinous
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| arthritis | inflammation of joints
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| dislocation | displacement of the bone from its normal location within a joint
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| ganglion | cystic tumor developing a tendon
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| gout | acute arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe
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| herniated disk | the rupture of the central portion, also known as a ruptured disk or slipped disk
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| Lyme disease | acute recurrent inflammation infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick
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| osteoarthritis | denerative joint disease results from wear and tear on the joints
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| rheumatiod arthritis | chronic inflammation disease that affects multiple joints of the body
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| sprains | injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint
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| systemic lupus eythematosus | chronic inflammatory connective-tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other organs
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| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis
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| arthroplasty | process of x-ray inside of a joint
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| arthoscopy | surgical reconstruction of a joint
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| rhematiod factor | blood test that measure the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of connective tissue diseases
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| arthralgia** | pain in joints
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