effects and complications
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Musculoskeletal system effects... | decreases muscle strength and mass: shortening & tightening of connective tissue: calcium leaves the bones.
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| Musculoskeletal system potential complications.. | foot drop, muscle atrophy, contractures, osteoporosis
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| Cardiovascular system effects \ | decreases cardiac output: pooling of blood in extremities: increases cardiac workout
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| Cardiovasculary system potential complications | orthostatic hypotension, blood clots in extremities and traveling to lungs, brain, and heart
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| Respiratory system effects | decreases respiratory muscle strength and lung expansion: impaired o2 and co2 exchange: pooling of respiratory secretions
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| Respiratory system potential complications | atelectasis, hypoxemia, hypostatic pneumonia
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| Gastrointestinal system effects | decreases peristalsis and appetite: increases intestinal gas
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| Gastrointestinal system potential complications | constipation, flatulence, distenton
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| Urinary system effects | pooling of urine in renal pelvis, incomplete emptying of bladder, increase calcium in the blood to be filtered by kidneys
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| Urinary system potential complications | uti, renal calculi
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| Integumentary System effects | decreases o2 and nutrients to tissues: skin and capillaries compressed between bed and bony prominences
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| Integumentary system potential complications | pressure ulcers
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| neurological system effects | decreases oxygenated blood circulating to nerves trapped between bed and bones: decreases in normal cues and activities: decreases balance when initially out of bed
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| neurological system potential complications | compression neuropathy, impaired level of consciousness, confusion
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| psychological effects | decrease in normal social interaction and independent activity
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| psychological potential complications | depression, anxiety, impaired sleep
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| Active range of motion | excercises performed by the pt w/out physical nursing assistance
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| Passive range of motion | excersises are done with nurse performing excersises with support to the extremity NURSE DOES IT FOR THE PT
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| Mattress overlays are at least how many inches thick.. | 3-4'' to reduce pressure Eggcrate mattress
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| Specialized mattresses | contain special foam"memory foam" or chambers containing air that can be controlled by a dial Synergy air elite mattress
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| Air fluidized bed | no true mattress. contains small round beads in an enclosed area air pumped thru to make beads mimic liquid.... closest thing to a water bed for a pt
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| low air-loss bed | lined with pocketed air mattress. air pockets can be inflated or deflated to pt comforty on any area of mattress. constant rotation flow of air
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| combination air-fluidized and low air-loss bed | lower part is air-fluidized and upper part is a low air-loss type
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| continuous lateral-rotation bed | allows entire bed to turn from side to side mattress is low air-loss and bed can be controlled at different times
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| Supine position | laying on back with arms at sides
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| Supine is for | physical exam, resting, and anesthesia
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| dorsal recumbent | on back with legs apart and knees bent and feet flat
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| dorsal recumbent purposes | physical exam of abdomen, labor, perineal care
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| trendelenburg | on back foot higher than head of bed
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| trendelenburg | abdominal surgeries
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| trendelenburg reverse | head is higher than feet. laying on back
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| trendelenburg reverse purposes | angiography procedures, abdominal surgeries
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| lateral | on the left or right side, supported behind back and betweent lower legs..good body alignment
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| lateral purposes | pt comfort, lung and cardiac function.. relieve pressure on bony prominences of coccyx an sacrum
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| sims | on the left side right leg up to chest, left arm along patients back...
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| sims purposes | suppository insertion, enema, surgery, rectal exam
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| fowlers | sitting position with various elevations...regular 60 degrees
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| low-fowlers | 30 degrees.. prevent aspiration during tube feeding
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| semi-fowlers | 45 degreees watch tv and converse with visitors, relieve tension on abdominal incision, assist with breathing
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| high-fowlers | 90 degrees. eat and drink without choking, breathing problems
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| orthopenic | 90 degree head elevation or feet on floor sitting on side of bed. leaning slightly forward with arms on overbed table. Assist in severe respiratory distress.
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| prone | on belly with head turned to side
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| prone purpose | improve oxygenation and relieve pressure to back,coccyx, and hips
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| lithotomy | on back with knees above hips and legs in stirrups
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| lithotomy purposes | vaginal exams, neonate delivery, gynecology surgery and procedures
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| Pillows purpose | relieve pressure on lumbar spine, maintain proper alignment, and reduce roatationof spine.
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| pillows placement | under knees, between knees and ankles, at the back in lateral position.
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| Arm board | prevent flexion of joint, when iv catheter is near joint
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| arm board placement | wrist or elbow
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| blanket roll purpose | support back or soles of feet
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| blanket roll placemetn | at back or soles of feet
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| hand roll purpose | position of function of hand and fingers
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| hand roll placement | in palm of hand
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| foot board purpose | maintain position and function of feet
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| foot board placement | against soles
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| stirrups purpose | positioning for vaginal surgery, pelvic exam, or infant delivery
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| stirrups placement | feet in stirrups
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| trochanter roll purpose | prevent external rotation of legs
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| trochanter roll placement | lateral side of hip and thigh 3-4'' under hip
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| neck ROM | chin to chest is flexion of neck chin to neutral is extension of neck
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| turn head from side to side is | rotating the neck
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| ear to shoulder is | lateral flexion
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| shoulder ROM | arm to ear is flexion
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| arm down flat is | extension of the shoulder
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| pull arm straight out is | abducting the shoulder
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| move arm back to side of body is | adducting the shoulder
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| put hand on opposite shoulder is | internally rotating the shoulder
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| return pt arm to correct side of body slightly bent is | externally rotating the shoulder
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| elbow ROM | bend elbow then pull hand to shoulder is flexing the elbow
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| return pt hand to side of body is | extending the elbow
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| palm up is | supinating the arm
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| palm down is | pronating the arm
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| push palm down to forearm is | flexing the wrist
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| turn wrist in and outward to | rotate the wrist
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| push hand backward to | hyperextend the wrist
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| separate the fingers from one another is | abducting the fingers
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| bring fingers close to each other is | adducting the fingers
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| making a fist is | flexing the fingers
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| straightenin the fingers is | extending the fingers
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| touching each fingertip to the thumb is | opposition of the thumb
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| move thumb and finger in circulation is | circumduncting the fingers and thumb
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| bending the leg at the knee then pushing upward toward pts head is | flexing the hip and knee
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| straightening the leg is | extending the hip and knee
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| pull leg away from body is | abducting the hip
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| moving leg back to midline and crossing over the other leg to | adduct the hip
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| roll leg inward is | internally rotating the hip
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| rolling leg outward is | externally rotating the hip
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| toes pointing toward the head is | dorsi flexion of the foot
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| toes pointing toward the foot of the bed is | plantar flexion of the foot
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| turn sole of foot inward is | inverting the foot
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| turn sole of foor outward is | everting the foot
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| move foot in circular motion is | circumducting the ankle
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| separate toes from each other is | abducting the toes
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| putting toes close to one another is | adducting the toes
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| crinkle the toes to | flex the toes
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| straighten toes to | extend the toes
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