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pt immobility
effects and complications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Musculoskeletal system effects... | decreases muscle strength and mass: shortening & tightening of connective tissue: calcium leaves the bones. |
| Musculoskeletal system potential complications.. | foot drop, muscle atrophy, contractures, osteoporosis |
| Cardiovascular system effects \ | decreases cardiac output: pooling of blood in extremities: increases cardiac workout |
| Cardiovasculary system potential complications | orthostatic hypotension, blood clots in extremities and traveling to lungs, brain, and heart |
| Respiratory system effects | decreases respiratory muscle strength and lung expansion: impaired o2 and co2 exchange: pooling of respiratory secretions |
| Respiratory system potential complications | atelectasis, hypoxemia, hypostatic pneumonia |
| Gastrointestinal system effects | decreases peristalsis and appetite: increases intestinal gas |
| Gastrointestinal system potential complications | constipation, flatulence, distenton |
| Urinary system effects | pooling of urine in renal pelvis, incomplete emptying of bladder, increase calcium in the blood to be filtered by kidneys |
| Urinary system potential complications | uti, renal calculi |
| Integumentary System effects | decreases o2 and nutrients to tissues: skin and capillaries compressed between bed and bony prominences |
| Integumentary system potential complications | pressure ulcers |
| neurological system effects | decreases oxygenated blood circulating to nerves trapped between bed and bones: decreases in normal cues and activities: decreases balance when initially out of bed |
| neurological system potential complications | compression neuropathy, impaired level of consciousness, confusion |
| psychological effects | decrease in normal social interaction and independent activity |
| psychological potential complications | depression, anxiety, impaired sleep |
| Active range of motion | excercises performed by the pt w/out physical nursing assistance |
| Passive range of motion | excersises are done with nurse performing excersises with support to the extremity NURSE DOES IT FOR THE PT |
| Mattress overlays are at least how many inches thick.. | 3-4'' to reduce pressure Eggcrate mattress |
| Specialized mattresses | contain special foam"memory foam" or chambers containing air that can be controlled by a dial Synergy air elite mattress |
| Air fluidized bed | no true mattress. contains small round beads in an enclosed area air pumped thru to make beads mimic liquid.... closest thing to a water bed for a pt |
| low air-loss bed | lined with pocketed air mattress. air pockets can be inflated or deflated to pt comforty on any area of mattress. constant rotation flow of air |
| combination air-fluidized and low air-loss bed | lower part is air-fluidized and upper part is a low air-loss type |
| continuous lateral-rotation bed | allows entire bed to turn from side to side mattress is low air-loss and bed can be controlled at different times |
| Supine position | laying on back with arms at sides |
| Supine is for | physical exam, resting, and anesthesia |
| dorsal recumbent | on back with legs apart and knees bent and feet flat |
| dorsal recumbent purposes | physical exam of abdomen, labor, perineal care |
| trendelenburg | on back foot higher than head of bed |
| trendelenburg | abdominal surgeries |
| trendelenburg reverse | head is higher than feet. laying on back |
| trendelenburg reverse purposes | angiography procedures, abdominal surgeries |
| lateral | on the left or right side, supported behind back and betweent lower legs..good body alignment |
| lateral purposes | pt comfort, lung and cardiac function.. relieve pressure on bony prominences of coccyx an sacrum |
| sims | on the left side right leg up to chest, left arm along patients back... |
| sims purposes | suppository insertion, enema, surgery, rectal exam |
| fowlers | sitting position with various elevations...regular 60 degrees |
| low-fowlers | 30 degrees.. prevent aspiration during tube feeding |
| semi-fowlers | 45 degreees watch tv and converse with visitors, relieve tension on abdominal incision, assist with breathing |
| high-fowlers | 90 degrees. eat and drink without choking, breathing problems |
| orthopenic | 90 degree head elevation or feet on floor sitting on side of bed. leaning slightly forward with arms on overbed table. Assist in severe respiratory distress. |
| prone | on belly with head turned to side |
| prone purpose | improve oxygenation and relieve pressure to back,coccyx, and hips |
| lithotomy | on back with knees above hips and legs in stirrups |
| lithotomy purposes | vaginal exams, neonate delivery, gynecology surgery and procedures |
| Pillows purpose | relieve pressure on lumbar spine, maintain proper alignment, and reduce roatationof spine. |
| pillows placement | under knees, between knees and ankles, at the back in lateral position. |
| Arm board | prevent flexion of joint, when iv catheter is near joint |
| arm board placement | wrist or elbow |
| blanket roll purpose | support back or soles of feet |
| blanket roll placemetn | at back or soles of feet |
| hand roll purpose | position of function of hand and fingers |
| hand roll placement | in palm of hand |
| foot board purpose | maintain position and function of feet |
| foot board placement | against soles |
| stirrups purpose | positioning for vaginal surgery, pelvic exam, or infant delivery |
| stirrups placement | feet in stirrups |
| trochanter roll purpose | prevent external rotation of legs |
| trochanter roll placement | lateral side of hip and thigh 3-4'' under hip |
| neck ROM | chin to chest is flexion of neck chin to neutral is extension of neck |
| turn head from side to side is | rotating the neck |
| ear to shoulder is | lateral flexion |
| shoulder ROM | arm to ear is flexion |
| arm down flat is | extension of the shoulder |
| pull arm straight out is | abducting the shoulder |
| move arm back to side of body is | adducting the shoulder |
| put hand on opposite shoulder is | internally rotating the shoulder |
| return pt arm to correct side of body slightly bent is | externally rotating the shoulder |
| elbow ROM | bend elbow then pull hand to shoulder is flexing the elbow |
| return pt hand to side of body is | extending the elbow |
| palm up is | supinating the arm |
| palm down is | pronating the arm |
| push palm down to forearm is | flexing the wrist |
| turn wrist in and outward to | rotate the wrist |
| push hand backward to | hyperextend the wrist |
| separate the fingers from one another is | abducting the fingers |
| bring fingers close to each other is | adducting the fingers |
| making a fist is | flexing the fingers |
| straightenin the fingers is | extending the fingers |
| touching each fingertip to the thumb is | opposition of the thumb |
| move thumb and finger in circulation is | circumduncting the fingers and thumb |
| bending the leg at the knee then pushing upward toward pts head is | flexing the hip and knee |
| straightening the leg is | extending the hip and knee |
| pull leg away from body is | abducting the hip |
| moving leg back to midline and crossing over the other leg to | adduct the hip |
| roll leg inward is | internally rotating the hip |
| rolling leg outward is | externally rotating the hip |
| toes pointing toward the head is | dorsi flexion of the foot |
| toes pointing toward the foot of the bed is | plantar flexion of the foot |
| turn sole of foot inward is | inverting the foot |
| turn sole of foor outward is | everting the foot |
| move foot in circular motion is | circumducting the ankle |
| separate toes from each other is | abducting the toes |
| putting toes close to one another is | adducting the toes |
| crinkle the toes to | flex the toes |
| straighten toes to | extend the toes |
Created by:
gurien13
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