anatomy and physiology
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| About how many cells comprise the body of an adult? | 50 to 100 trillion
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| Cells are measured in | micrometers
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| The three major parts of a cell are | the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
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| A selectively permeable membrane | allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.
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| The major components of the cell membrane are | lipids and proteins
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| A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) | integral protein
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| For which of the following organelles is the structure and function correctly described? | Endoplasmic reticulum-network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals; packages protein molecules for secretion
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| In a cell, lipids are synthesized in the | smooth ER
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| The nucleolus contains | RNA and protein
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| If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, | water will leave the cell by osmosis.
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| If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution | the cell will swell and may eventually burst.
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| 0.9% NaCl solution is ___ to red blood cells? | isotonic
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| Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution. | hypertonic
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| Osmosis is the movement of | water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
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| Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of | receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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| Chromosomes duplicate during | interphase
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| The structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are | telomeres
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| The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are | tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
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| A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is | totipotent
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| Apoptosis is also known as | programmed cell death
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| Cells vary in | size, shape, function, and contents
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| __ are proteins that allow cells to temporarily bind together. | CAMs
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| __ proteins receive and transmit messages into the cell. | receptor
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| The __ is made of rods and tubules that form a supportive framework. | cytoskeleton
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| When a portion of a membrane pinches off, a __ forms. | vesicle
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| The membranous called cisternae make up the __ | golgi apparatus
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| Where would peroxisomes be the most numerous? | liver
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| What is not part of the overall CELL CYLE | ATP synthesis
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| DNA replication occurs during __ of interphase. | S
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| Which of the following is NOT a type of active transport? | facilitated diffusion
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| What affects rate of diffusion? | The permeability of the membrane to the substance, the concentration gradient, and temperature.
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| The term used to describe the ability of osmosis to generate enough pressure to move a volume of water is | osmotic pressure
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| What is NOT an external factor controlling cell growth? | cell size
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| What could be found in the cytoplasm of the cell? | ribosomes, inclusions, and golgi apparatus
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| Hydrophobic molecules | are repelled by water
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| During osmosis, | water molecules diffuse across a membrane
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| Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes. | True
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| Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. | True
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| Smooth ER has ribosomes and rough ER does not. | False
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| Proteins are manufactured on mitochondria. | False
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| The golgi apparatus and ER take part in secretion. | True
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| Chromatin consists of DNA and protein. | True
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| Filtration requires pressure. | True
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| Active transport uses energy stored in ATP molecules. | True
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| Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport. | False
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| The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. | True
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| The cytoplasm consists of organelles suspended in __. | cytosol
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| Phospholipids have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails. | False
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| What houses DNA? | nucleus
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| temporary components of cytoplasm (nutrients, pigments, etc.) | inclusion
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| What surrounds the nucleus? | nuclear envelope
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| What is composed of two centrosomes and functions in cell division? | centriole
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| movement of molecules from a region of high to low concentration is: | diffusion
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| movement molecules into the cell across a membrane via a vesicle | endocytosis
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| movement of molecules out of the cell via a vescile | exocytosis
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| What requires a carrier molecule? | facilitated diffusion
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| Phagocytosis refers to movement of liquid molecules into a cell via a vesicle. | false
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| When chromosomes line up midway between poles is what part of the cell cycle? | metaphase
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| What is the longest part of the cell cycle; divided into G1, S and G2 | interphase
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| When a nuclear envelope disappears and chromatin condenses this is what part of the cell cycle? | prophase
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| cytoplasmic division is in what part of the celll cycle? | cytokinesis
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| When nuclear envelope reappears and cleavage furrow is seen this is a part of what cell cycle? | telophase
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| When the sister chromatids pull apart and begin migrating to poles is a part of what cell cycle? | anaphase
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| A __ cell has the ability to divide repeatedly. | stem
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| Abnormal cell growth may lead to a disorganized mass of cells known as a ____. | tumor
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| Large __ molecules are unable to cross the plasma membrane | polar
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| Osmosis is a form of passive transport. | true
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| Solute refers to the dissolved particles in solution. | true
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| Molecules in solution are in constant, random motion due to their __ energy. | kinetic
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| The sodium potassium pump creates balance by pumping sodium in and potassium out of the cell. | false
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| Formation of excess fluid is called __. | edema
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| During cytokinesis, genetic material is divided between two daughter cells. | false
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| When a cell is placed into an isotonic solution, no net movements of molecules occurs. | true
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| A malignant tumor extends to the surrounding tissue. | true
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| What maintains integrity of the cell? | cell membrane
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| What supports and helps move organelles within cytoplasm? | microfilaments/microtubules
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| What is flattened sacs and is involved in packaging and secretion? | golgi apparatus
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| What is responsible for protein synthesis? | ribosomes
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| __ cells are intermediates between stem cells and fully differentaited cells. | progenitor
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| Phospholipids have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails. | false
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