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A&P Lesson2
anatomy and physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About how many cells comprise the body of an adult? | 50 to 100 trillion |
| Cells are measured in | micrometers |
| The three major parts of a cell are | the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. |
| A selectively permeable membrane | allows some substances to pass through and excludes others. |
| The major components of the cell membrane are | lipids and proteins |
| A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) | integral protein |
| For which of the following organelles is the structure and function correctly described? | Endoplasmic reticulum-network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals; packages protein molecules for secretion |
| In a cell, lipids are synthesized in the | smooth ER |
| The nucleolus contains | RNA and protein |
| If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, | water will leave the cell by osmosis. |
| If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution | the cell will swell and may eventually burst. |
| 0.9% NaCl solution is ___ to red blood cells? | isotonic |
| Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution. | hypertonic |
| Osmosis is the movement of | water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of | receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
| Chromosomes duplicate during | interphase |
| The structures in the nucleus that serve as a "mitotic clock" are | telomeres |
| The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are | tumor suppressors and oncogenes. |
| A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is | totipotent |
| Apoptosis is also known as | programmed cell death |
| Cells vary in | size, shape, function, and contents |
| __ are proteins that allow cells to temporarily bind together. | CAMs |
| __ proteins receive and transmit messages into the cell. | receptor |
| The __ is made of rods and tubules that form a supportive framework. | cytoskeleton |
| When a portion of a membrane pinches off, a __ forms. | vesicle |
| The membranous called cisternae make up the __ | golgi apparatus |
| Where would peroxisomes be the most numerous? | liver |
| What is not part of the overall CELL CYLE | ATP synthesis |
| DNA replication occurs during __ of interphase. | S |
| Which of the following is NOT a type of active transport? | facilitated diffusion |
| What affects rate of diffusion? | The permeability of the membrane to the substance, the concentration gradient, and temperature. |
| The term used to describe the ability of osmosis to generate enough pressure to move a volume of water is | osmotic pressure |
| What is NOT an external factor controlling cell growth? | cell size |
| What could be found in the cytoplasm of the cell? | ribosomes, inclusions, and golgi apparatus |
| Hydrophobic molecules | are repelled by water |
| During osmosis, | water molecules diffuse across a membrane |
| Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes. | True |
| Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. | True |
| Smooth ER has ribosomes and rough ER does not. | False |
| Proteins are manufactured on mitochondria. | False |
| The golgi apparatus and ER take part in secretion. | True |
| Chromatin consists of DNA and protein. | True |
| Filtration requires pressure. | True |
| Active transport uses energy stored in ATP molecules. | True |
| Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport. | False |
| The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. | True |
| The cytoplasm consists of organelles suspended in __. | cytosol |
| Phospholipids have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails. | False |
| What houses DNA? | nucleus |
| temporary components of cytoplasm (nutrients, pigments, etc.) | inclusion |
| What surrounds the nucleus? | nuclear envelope |
| What is composed of two centrosomes and functions in cell division? | centriole |
| movement of molecules from a region of high to low concentration is: | diffusion |
| movement molecules into the cell across a membrane via a vesicle | endocytosis |
| movement of molecules out of the cell via a vescile | exocytosis |
| What requires a carrier molecule? | facilitated diffusion |
| Phagocytosis refers to movement of liquid molecules into a cell via a vesicle. | false |
| When chromosomes line up midway between poles is what part of the cell cycle? | metaphase |
| What is the longest part of the cell cycle; divided into G1, S and G2 | interphase |
| When a nuclear envelope disappears and chromatin condenses this is what part of the cell cycle? | prophase |
| cytoplasmic division is in what part of the celll cycle? | cytokinesis |
| When nuclear envelope reappears and cleavage furrow is seen this is a part of what cell cycle? | telophase |
| When the sister chromatids pull apart and begin migrating to poles is a part of what cell cycle? | anaphase |
| A __ cell has the ability to divide repeatedly. | stem |
| Abnormal cell growth may lead to a disorganized mass of cells known as a ____. | tumor |
| Large __ molecules are unable to cross the plasma membrane | polar |
| Osmosis is a form of passive transport. | true |
| Solute refers to the dissolved particles in solution. | true |
| Molecules in solution are in constant, random motion due to their __ energy. | kinetic |
| The sodium potassium pump creates balance by pumping sodium in and potassium out of the cell. | false |
| Formation of excess fluid is called __. | edema |
| During cytokinesis, genetic material is divided between two daughter cells. | false |
| When a cell is placed into an isotonic solution, no net movements of molecules occurs. | true |
| A malignant tumor extends to the surrounding tissue. | true |
| What maintains integrity of the cell? | cell membrane |
| What supports and helps move organelles within cytoplasm? | microfilaments/microtubules |
| What is flattened sacs and is involved in packaging and secretion? | golgi apparatus |
| What is responsible for protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
| __ cells are intermediates between stem cells and fully differentaited cells. | progenitor |
| Phospholipids have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails. | false |
Created by:
jaleesap21
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