Whole Body Terms
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| abdominal cavity | cavity beneath the thoracic cavity; contains: liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys
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| anaplasia | a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form
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| anatomical position | *the standard reference position for the body as a whole* the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet are also pointing forward
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| anterior | pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
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| aplasia | a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
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| cardiac muscle | muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
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| caudal | pertaining to the tail
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| cell | smallest and most numerous structural unit in living matter
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| cell membrane | semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
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| cervical vertebrae | C1 through C7
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| chromosomes | threadlike structures within the nucleus that controls the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body
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| coccyx | tailbone
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| connective tissue | tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts
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| cranial | pertaining to the skull or cranium
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| cranial cavity | the cavity that contains the brain
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| cytology | the study of cells
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| distal | away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or point of origin of a body part
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| dorsal | pertaining to the back
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| dysplasia | any abnormal development of tissues or organs
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| epigastric region | region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen
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| epithelial tissue | the tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body
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| frontal plane | vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, dividing the body into front and back portions (anterior/posterior)
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| genes | segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
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| histologist | medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells of a body part
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| hypogastric region | middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region
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| hypoplasia | incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue
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| inferior | below or downward toward the tail or feet
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| inguinal region | right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen
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| lateral | toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
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| lumbar region | right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
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| McBurney's point | A point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip (appendix issues)
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| medial | toward the midline of the body
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| mediolateral | pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
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| midline of the body | body is divided into equal right and left halves (medial/lateral)
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| mitochondria | cell organs, which provide the energy needed by the cell (energy to cell)
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| muscle tissue | tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers
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| navel | umbilicus; belly button
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| neoplasia | new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
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| nervous tissue | tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body
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| nucleus | central controlling body within a living cell
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| pelvic cavity | lower front cavity of the body, contains: bladder and reproductive organs
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| peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body
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| plane | imaginary slices (or cuts)made through the body
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| plantar | pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
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| posterior | pertaining to the back of the body
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| prone | lying facedown on the abdomen
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| proximal | toward or nearest to the trunk of the body
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| sacrum | singular triangular-shaped bone
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| skeletal muscle | muscle that is attached to the bone
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| smooth muscle | muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body
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| superficial | pertaining to the surface
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| superior | above or upward toward head
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| supination | a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
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| supine | lying horizontally on the back, faceup
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| thoracic cavity | the chest cavity, contains: lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea
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| tissue | a group of cells that performs specialized functions
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| transverse plane | dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
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| umbilical region | the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen
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| umbilicus | navel; also called the belly button
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| ventral | front; belly side
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| visceral | internal organs
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| visceral muscle | smooth muscle
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