Anasazi Culture-Mr B.-SS
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| Anasazi (2) | Navajo(Dine)word meaning "Enemy ancestors" or "Ancient people who are not us"
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| Pueblo Culture | Spanish for "town" indian village in the American Southwest.
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| Mesa verde | {Spanish for Green Plateau.} 1. National park in southwestern Colorado, site of many cliff dwellings. 2. The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde. San Juan River region
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| Anasazi (1) | Culture that existed from about 1200 BC to 1300 AD in the 4 corners of the SW U.S. Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places like Mesa Verde, which they abandoned at the end of the 13th century.
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| Chaco Canyon | Extensive Ancient Puebloan cuture (circa 800 AD) in New Mexico, known for massive stone buidings (Great houses) of multiple stories contaning hundreds of rooms, extensive roads and water control systems.
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| Hopi | Believed to be desended from the ancient Puebloan cultures who constucted large aapartment-house complexes in NE Arizona and NW New Mexico along the Mongollon Rim, form 1100-1300 AD, when they abandoned their large villages.
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| Zuni | Like the Hopi, descendants of the Anasazi.
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| Navajo | aka "Dene" people were hunter- gatherers, until they adopted Pueblo life. Known for raising sheep, blanket eaving, and pottery. The Navajo Reservation in AZ is the largest in the USA.
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| Taos | An ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos {Nothern Tiwa} speaking native American tribe of Pueblo people. Still inabited, it is approximately 1000 years old and is and lies about 1 mile 1.6 km north of the modren city of Taos, New Mexico.
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| Acoma | Known as "sky city", is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 367- foot sandstone mesa in New Mexico. 1100 AD. It is one of the oldest continously inhabited communtities within the USA. Known for distintive orange, black, and white pottery.
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| Flint | A hard, sedimentary cyrstalline form of the mineral quartz; can be "flaked" with a harder stone to make arrowheads, spearpoints,etc.
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| Drought | An extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region recieves consistently below average precipiation (rain or snow)
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| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and establihed a network of settlements (16-18th century AD) Forced indians
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| Sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from natural sources onto a suface to make a fixed, or unfixed and painting. Often tempoary, ritual paintings prepared for religious or healings or ceremonies.
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| Mano | (MAH-no){Spanish for hand} Grinding stone. A hand-held stone used to grind grain, nuts and seeds on the larger table.
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| Metate | (meh-TAH-tay) A flat or slighly concave stone base on which grain, nuts and seeds were ground using the smaller mano.
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| Taos Pueblo | The oldest, continually inhabited pueblo in America, naer the Upper Rio Grande Canyon (NW)
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| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the Four Corners of the southwestern US. 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River. Largely made up of deserts, with scattered areas of forests. The Grand Canyon is in SW corner.
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| Sedentary | stationary; settled in one place; opposite of nomadic.
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| Horticulture | Cultivating plants and seeds for food
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| Kiva(Great Kiva) | [KEE-vuh][Hopi} 1. A square, above-ground room used by modern day Hopi for religious and spiritual ceremonies. 2. A subterranean room-usually round, generally believed to have been used by Anazazi men for religious and ceremonial purposes.
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| pictographs | Pictures or picture-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story. Pictographs can be found in the works of many ancient cultures on papyrus or wood, on cloth, on pottery and jewelry, painted on walls.
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| Pottery | Pueblo culture is known for the many styles of pottery from across the Plateau region. Each pueblo has its own distincitve style.
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| Yucca Plant | Member of the agave with stiff green sword-like leaves and with flowers on a tall stalk. Pueblo peoples used the the rooots and flowers for food,tips for needles, fibers for weaving baskets,sandals and rope sap(aloe vera)for medicine.
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| Kachinas | 1. Benevolent spiritual intermediates between certain southwestern peoples and the jobs. Kachinas bring good health, fertilty, rain, abundnace and other blessings. 2. (Modern days) Dolls or images of the supernatural beings.
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| Weaving | Pueblo peoples wove decorative baskets and sandals from the fibers of the Yucca Plant. They wove colorful, intricate blankets form sheep's wool. Dyed with natural plant and rock materials.
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| Cliff dwellers | Native Americans of the Anazazi culture who were buliders of the ancient cliff dwellings found in the canyons, under cliff overhanges and on the mesas of the U.S. Southwest.
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| Hogan | The primary traditional round home of the Navajo people; made of wooden poles covered with layers of mud. Door faces east to greet the sun.
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| Wickiup | A temporary domed room dwelling, usually constucted of branches and reeds used by certain Southwest Native American tribes to provide shade and verntilation.
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| Maize | Early form of corn.
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| Maruders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agricultural pueblos.
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| Granary | Storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks, stone and/or wood frames. Usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes.
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| Kokopelli | {"Kachina hump" probally of Hopi/Zuni origin} A well known mythological hump-backed flute player in most Southwestern Pueblo cultures. Among other things, this spiritual figure repersents fertiltiy and rain.
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| Moqui or Moki (Moh-key) | MOH-kee)A hopi word meaning "the dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors. Prefered by the Hopi to the Dine Navajo word, "Anazazi"
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| Petroglyph | Rock carving or rock "art" made by "pecking" the surface with another rock. Ex. "Newspaper Rock" in Holbrook, Arizona
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| Pinon (Peenyhone) | Small pine tree with large edible nuts. Spanish for "pine nut"
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| Pueblo Bonito | (PWEB-loh boh-NEE-toh){Spanish for "pretty village"} the most famous Great House at Chaco Canyon.
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| Puebloan | 1. Modern Native American Indian peoples, including those living at Hopi, Zuni, Acoma,Laguna, Jemes and Zia pueblos and the 14 Rio Grande pueblos. 2. Anazazi ancestors of the modern Puebloans.
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| Sipapu (SEE-pah-puh) | 1. The naval of the earth from which distant Puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world. 2. The small hole or indentation in the floor of a kiva which symbolizes the people's Earthly origin.
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| Spindle whorl | In hand spinning, the spindle is a rounded wooden rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread. The whorl is a sort of flywheel that regulates the speed of the spinning wheel.
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| Teosinte(Tee-oh-SIN-tee) | Tall grass-like native or Mexico with tassel, and small, hard ears. Beleved to be ancestor of corn.
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| Tree-ring dating | Scientific technique of comparing a cut timber to a master calendar of tree-ring dating growth from about 6,700 B.C to the present. Based on the fact that a tree ring grows a ring each year and the rings are narrower in dry years and wider in wet years.
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| Stone mortar & pestle | Hollowed stone bowl and mashing toolused to grind maize,nuts,berries,pigments.
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| Colorado River | 1,450 miles long river that flows southwest from the Continental Divideto the Gulf or California. It's powerful waters formed the Grand Canyon over 9 million years.
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| Rio Grande River | 1,896 miles long and flows from southwestern Colorado in the United States to the Gulf of Mexico.
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| Pueblo culture music | Foot drums,tamborines,reed flute,turtle shells used to create connections to spirit world and reflect sounds of the natural landscape.
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| Plateau | Is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape.
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