AP Chapter 3 Upshur
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| Belief in this distinguishes Hebrew scriptures from the religions of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece: | a covenant with God
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| The Hebrews made their greatest historical contribution in the field of | Religion
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| Monotheism is belief in | only one god.
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| According to Hebrew scriptures, the migration of Hebrews from Ur in Babylonia to Palestine was led by | Abraham.
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| After about 1200 B.C.E., Palestine was invaded by | Philistines.
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| The early Hebrew king who brought political harmony to the Israelite kingdom and ended the Philistine threat was | David.
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| King David established his royal capital at | Jerusalem.
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| The united kingdom of Israel under King Solomon was about the size of | New Jersey.
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| The scattering of the people of Israel as the "ten lost tribes" occurred because of | Israel's absorption by the Assyrian Empire.
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| The "First Temple" period ended with the | destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.E.
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| Tanakh is known to Christians as the | Old Testament.
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| It is known to us from the most thorough body of literature produced in the ancient Near East. It provided a comprehensive code of ethics. Its Law embodied 613 commandments. | Hebrew monotheism
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| The official books of Tanakh were assembled | between 400 and c. 150 B.C.E.
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| The Phoenicians were located to the _______ of the Kingdom of Judah. | north
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| The best mariners of the ancient world were the | Phoenicians.
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| Ancient Phoenicia was essentially coextensive with modern | Lebanon.
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| Which of the following destinations reached by ancient Phoenician sailors? | north Africa, Spain, Britain, Cyprus.
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| The Phoenician alphabet | had no vowel signs.
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| The Archaic period in Greek history extended from | c. 800 to c. 500 B.C.E.
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| The two wars that "framed" the fifth century in classical Greece were (in chronological order. the | Persian and Peloponnesian.
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| contributed to the colonization movement of the Archaic period? | increasing population & the relatively unproductive soil in Greece
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| The practice of coining money in Greece was adopted from | Lydia.
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| "Metics" were | resident aliens at Athens.
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| Attica is about the size of | Rhode Island.
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| statements about the first Athenian law code | set down c. 621 B.C.E., authored by Draco., very harsh.
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| measure instituted by Solon? | cancellation of debts, elimination of debt bondage & extension of citizenship to foreign craftsmen
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| The institution of the Council of Five Hundred at Athens was brought about by | Cleisthenes.
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| Ostracism was | a method of controlling dangerously powerful persons. & an "election" to a ten-year exile.
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| Helots were | unfree population group that formed the main population of Laconia and the whole of Messenia (areas of Sparta).
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| The term arete refers to | the aristocratic ideal of moral and physical excellence.
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| Citizen women were valued in Greek society chiefly because | they were necessary to produce citizen children.
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| Pallakai were | concubines.
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| In 483, Themistocles persuaded his fellow citizens to use funds from a large silver strike to | build triremes.
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| categories of the ancient Olympics | running., combat., horse racing. throwing.
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| The pentathlon of the ancient Olympics | the long jump, running, discus throw, javelin throw.
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| The decisive naval battle of the Persian Wars was fought at | Salamis.
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| The principal cause of the Peloponnesian War was | Sparta's fear of the growing power of Athens.
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| A country or region in which Buddhism today is a powerful religious element is | East Asia.
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| Buddha was born around | 566 B.C.E.
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| "Mahavira" means | great hero.
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| He was born ca. 540 B.C.E, went nude for most of his life., reported to have died of self-starvation. | Mahavira
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| "Karma" is | matter that enmeshes the soul.
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| According to Jainism, the only ones able to obtain release from rebirth are the | monks.
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| Jains | vegetarians., practice ahimsa., monks must beg for food.
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| Among the benefits of Jainism to Indian culture or society is | maintaining of beautiful temples., establishment of charitable institutions., scholarship (religious and secular)., their code of non-violence.
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| Buddha | clan name was Gautama., raised in luxury., married his cousin.
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| Gautama became the "Enlightened One" as a result of | sitting beneath a tree in meditation for forty-nine days and nights.
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| The Tripitaka were | completed Buddhist scriptures., literally, three baskets., written in Pali.
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| Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism differ chiefly over | the dharma to be followed in order to escape samsara.
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| Gautama believed that | sorrow always outweighs joy in life.
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| According to the Buddha, the main cause of suffering was | desire.
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| According to Mahayana Buddhism, Amitabha | is an aspect of the Buddha that rules the "Happy Land."
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| engaged in a religious exercise known as "the Four Sublime Moods.", begged for food from door to door., were vegetarians. | Buddhist monks
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| In Mahayana Buddhism, | Buddha was thought of as still in some way present after his death.
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| The Third Jewel of Buddhism, besides dharma and sangha was the following proclamation: | "I go for refuge in the Buddha."
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| The Mahayana Buddhist cult of Maitreya was influenced by | Zoroastrianism.
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| more socially oriented than Theravada. | Mahayana Buddhism
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| Confucius and Mencius were similar in believing that | rulers and educated men had an obligation to rule by persuasion rather than threats of punishment.
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| Confucius's principal concerns were | morals and good government.
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| All the classic philosophies that molded Chinese civilization had their beginnings in the period | 600-300 B.C.E.
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| born in 551 B.C.E., father died when he was three years old., hobbies were archery and music. | Confucius's early life
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| According to Confucius, superior men | are superior by virtue of their moral worth.
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| Three of the five basic relationships taught by Confucius involve | the family.
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| Mencius believed that | the people had the right to rise up and overthrow a tyrannical ruler.
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| an optimistic philosophy., emphasized a virtuous life., taught that society is perfectible. | Confucianism
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| an elder contemporary of Confucius., once worked as an archivist in the royal Chou court., converted the Buddha to Taoism. | Lao Tzu
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| enigmatic., poetic., paradoxical. | The Lao Tzu
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| Taoism agreed with Confucianism that | the ruler should be a sage.
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| According to Chuang Tzu, | the Tao is the underlying principle governing all existence.
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| The word tao means | the way.
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| Regarding government, the ancient Taoists felt that | less government was better than more government.
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| The philosophy that had the greatest influence on the Chinese political life of its time was | Legalism.
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| It concentrated on the theory and method of political organization and leadership., It was a direct outgrowth of the interstate struggles of the Warring States era., The first book expounding the philosophy was written by Shang Yang. | Legalism
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| realist, officials should receive job assignments on the basis of talent and not birth. | Legalism
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| feudalism was abolished., all offices became non-hereditary and officials ultimately responsible to the emperor., massive public works projects, especially roads and canals, were undertaken., | Under the rule of Shih Huang-ti and his chief minister Li Ssu,
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| Many died to build his walls, canals, palaces, and tomb, Exorbitant taxes were levied to support his building projects, The government prohibited all intellectual discussions, Four hundred and sixty Confucian scholars were arrested and executed. | life in China under the first Ch'in emperor
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